ଅଧ୍ୟାୟ: Class9 EngGram Ch11 Ch11 Negatives and Interrogatives

BSE ODISHA CLASS 9 • UTKAL MASTER STROKE

ବୋର୍ଡ ଅଫ୍ ସେକେଣ୍ଡାରୀ ଏଜୁକେସନ୍ (BSE Odisha) — ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଅଧ୍ୟାୟ ମାଷ୍ଟର ନୋଟ୍ସ

ଶ୍ରେଣୀ: Class 9 | ବିଷୟ: English Grammer

୧. ଅଧ୍ୟାୟର ସାରାଂଶ ଓ ମାଇଣ୍ଡ ମ୍ୟାପ୍ (Mind Map & Conceptual Architecture)

This chapter, "Negatives and Interrogatives," focuses on how to transform declarative sentences into their negative and interrogative forms. It explains the fundamental rules for constructing negative statements and different types of questions in English grammar. The core objective is to enable students to correctly identify and convert sentences into these forms, understanding the role of auxiliary verbs, 'do' forms, and question words.

Conceptual Architecture / Mind Map:

Sentences

├─── Declarative Sentences (ବିବୃତ୍ତିମୂଳକ ବା ସୂଚନାମୂଳକ ବାକ୍ୟ)

│ ├─── Affirmative Sentences (ହଁ-ସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)

│ │ └─── (Positive statements, e.g., "Rina is fond of sweets.")

│ └─── Negative Sentences (ନାସ୍ତିସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)

│ ├─── Formation with Auxiliary Verbs: 'not' after auxiliary (is, am, are, has, have, will, can, etc.)

│ │ └─── (e.g., "Swallows are not seen in winter.")

│ ├─── Formation without Auxiliary Verbs: Use 'do/does/did not' + base form of main verb.

│ │ └─── (e.g., "They do not often make noise.")

│ └─── Using Negative Operators: (no, never, nor, neither...nor, none)

│ └─── (e.g., "He has no money.")

├─── Interrogative Sentences (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବାଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)

│ ├─── Yes/No Questions (ହଁ/ନା ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ)

│ │ ├─── Formation with Auxiliary Verbs: Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb?

│ │ │ └─── (e.g., "Can Kajal solve the problem?")

│ │ └─── Formation without Auxiliary Verbs: Do/Does/Did + Subject + Base form of main verb?

│ │ └─── (e.g., "Does Hari read well?")

│ └─── Wh-Questions (Wh- ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ)

│ ├─── Formation: Wh-word (Who, What, When, Where, Why, Which, How) + Auxiliary (if any) + Subject + Main verb?

│ │ └─── (e.g., "Where is Narendra?")

│ └─── Wh-word as Subject: Wh-word + Main verb?

│ └─── (e.g., "Who is your best friend?")

└─── Contractions (ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ରୂପ)

├─── Affirmative Contractions: (I'm, She's, They're)

└─── Negative Contractions: (I'm not, She isn't, They aren't, I haven't, She won't, I shan't)

Key Learning Outcomes:

Differentiate between affirmative and negative statements.

Master the rules for forming negative sentences using 'not' and 'do' forms.

Understand and use contractions correctly.

Identify and construct Yes/No questions.

Identify and construct Wh-questions using various Wh-words.

Recognize that exclamatory sentences generally do not take negation.

୨. ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ, ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ ଓ ଗାଣିତିକ ସୂତ୍ରାବଳୀ (Comprehensive Theory & Formulas)

This chapter delves into the transformation of sentences into their negative and interrogative forms, which are crucial aspects of English grammar for effective communication.

୨.୧ Affirmative and Negative Sentences (ହଁ-ସୂଚକ ଓ ନାସ୍ତିସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)

Affirmative Sentence (ହଁ-ସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ): A sentence that states something positively or affirms a fact. It does not contain any negative words.

Example: Rina is fond of sweets. (ରିନା ମିଠା ପସନ୍ଦ କରେ।)

Example: Hari can climb up the tree. (ହରି ଗଛରେ ଚଢ଼ିପାରେ।)

Negative Sentence (ନାସ୍ତିସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ): A sentence that denies something or states a negative fact. It typically contains a negative word like 'not', 'no', 'never', etc.

Example: Swallows are not seen in winter. (ଶୀତଦିନେ ଗିଳିବା ଦେଖାଯାଏ ନାହିଁ।)

Example: Sasmita did not sleep last night. (ସସ୍ମିତା ଗତକାଲି ରାତିରେ ଶୋଇ ନଥିଲା।)

୨.୧.୧ How to Form Negative Sentences (ନାସ୍ତିସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ ଗଠନ କରିବାର ନିୟମ)

Rule ୧: Using 'not' with Auxiliary Verbs (ସହାୟକ କ୍ରିୟା ସହିତ 'not' ବ୍ୟବହାର):

If a sentence contains an auxiliary verb (is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought to, need, dare), 'not' is normally placed immediately after the auxiliary verb to make it negative.

Structure: Subject + Auxiliary Verb + not + Main Verb + Rest of the sentence.

Example:

Affirmative: The moonlit night is very pleasant.

Negative: The moonlit night is not very pleasant.

Example:

Affirmative: He has done his work.

Negative: He has not done his work.

Rule ୨: Using 'do' verbs when there is no Auxiliary Verb (ସହାୟକ କ୍ରିୟା ନଥିଲେ 'do' କ୍ରିୟା ବ୍ୟବହାର):

In simple present tense and simple past tense sentences where there is no auxiliary verb, we use the appropriate form of the 'do' verb (do not, does not, did not) to make the sentence negative. The main verb then reverts to its base form (V1).

Simple Present Tense:

Structure: Subject + do not / does not + Base form of Main Verb (V1) + Rest of the sentence.

'Do not' is used for I, We, You, They, and plural subjects.

'Does not' is used for He, She, It, and singular subjects.

Example:

Affirmative: They often make noise.

Negative: They do not often make noise.

Example:

Affirmative: The ozone layer keeps us safe.

Negative: The ozone layer does not keep us safe.

Simple Past Tense:

Structure: Subject + did not + Base form of Main Verb (V1) + Rest of the sentence.

Example:

Affirmative: Kunu invited me.

Negative: Kunu did not invite me. (Note: 'invited' changes to 'invite')

Rule ୩: Using Negative Operators (ନାସ୍ତିସୂଚକ ଶବ୍ଦ ବ୍ୟବହାର):

Some other words like 'no', 'never', 'nor', 'neither...nor', 'none' can also be used to make a sentence negative.

Example: He has no money.

Example: I never tell a lie.

Exclamatory Sentences and Negation (ବିସ୍ମୟସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ ଓ ନାସ୍ତିସୂଚକତା):

An exclamatory sentence (a sentence expressing strong emotion) usually does not take negation. Trying to make an exclamatory sentence negative often sounds unnatural or grammatically incorrect in its exclamatory form.

Example: How unfortunate he is! (Correct)

Example: How unfortunate he is not! (Wrong)

୨.୨ Contractions (ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ରୂପ)

Contractions are shortened forms of words, often used in informal speech and writing. In the context of negatives, they combine an auxiliary verb with 'not'.

Table of Contractions:

Affirmative Statement	Contracted Affirmative	Contracted Negative
I am ill.	I'm ill	I'm not ill (or I am'nt ill - less common)
She is ill.	She's ill	She isn't ill.
They are ill.	They're ill	They aren't ill.
I have done.	I've done	I haven't done.
She will do.	She'll do	She won't do.
I shall do.	I'll do.	I shan't do.
We should help.	We should help.	We shouldn't help.
You must ask.	You must ask.	You mustn't ask.
He does his work.	He does his work.	He doesn't do his work.

୨.୩ Interrogative Sentences (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବାଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)

Interrogative sentences are used to ask questions. They always end with a question mark (?). There are broadly two types: Yes/No questions and Wh-questions.

୨.୩.୧ Yes/No Questions (ହଁ/ନା ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ)

These are questions that can be answered with a simple 'Yes' or 'No'.

Rule ୧: With Auxiliary Verbs (ସହାୟକ କ୍ରିୟା ସହିତ):

If the declarative sentence contains an auxiliary verb, move the auxiliary verb to the beginning of the sentence, before the subject.

Structure: Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Rest of the sentence?

Example:

Statement: Kajal can solve the problem.

Question: Can Kajal solve the problem?

Example:

Statement: Shivaji was clever.

Question: Was Shivaji clever?

Rule ୨: Without Auxiliary Verbs (ସହାୟକ କ୍ରିୟା ନଥିଲେ):

If the declarative sentence is in simple present or simple past tense and does not have an auxiliary verb, use 'Do', 'Does', or 'Did' at the beginning of the sentence, followed by the subject and the base form of the main verb (V1).

Simple Present Tense:

Structure: Do / Does + Subject + Base form of Main Verb (V1) + Rest of the sentence?

Example:

Statement: Hari reads well.

Question: Does Hari read well?

Simple Past Tense:

Structure: Did + Subject + Base form of Main Verb (V1) + Rest of the sentence?

Example:

Statement: Kamalini broke the glass.

Question: Did Kamalini break the glass?

୨.୩.୨ Wh-Questions (Wh- ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ)

These questions begin with 'Wh-words' (Who, What, When, Where, Why, Which, How) and require more detailed answers than a simple 'Yes' or 'No'. They seek specific information.

Rule ୧: General Formation (ସାଧାରଣ ଗଠନ):

Place the appropriate Wh-word at the beginning of the sentence. If there is an auxiliary verb in the statement, it follows the Wh-word, then the subject, and then the main verb. If there is no auxiliary verb, use 'do', 'does', or 'did' after the Wh-word, followed by the subject and the base form of the main verb.

Structure: Wh-word + Auxiliary Verb (if any) + Subject + Main Verb + Rest of the sentence?

Example:

Statement: Narendra is in Rourkela.

Question: Where is Narendra?

Example:

Statement: Sanjay likes his profession very much.

Question: How does Sanjay like his profession?

Example:

Statement: He was absent for a long time because of fever.

Question: Why was he absent for a long time?

Rule ୨: Wh-word as Subject (Wh- ଶବ୍ଦ କର୍ତ୍ତା ଭାବରେ):

When the Wh-word itself is the subject of the sentence (e.g., 'Who' or 'What' asking about the doer of the action), the structure is simpler: Wh-word + Main Verb + Rest of the sentence? No auxiliary 'do' is needed in such cases.

Structure: Wh-word (Subject) + Main Verb + Rest of the sentence?

Example:

Statement: Dolagovinda is my best friend.

Question: Who is your best friend? (Here 'Who' replaces 'Dolagovinda', the subject).

Example:

Statement: Pinky snatched the book from Seema.

Question: Who snatched the book from Seema? (Here 'Who' replaces 'Pinky', the subject).

୩. ପାଠ୍ୟପୁସ୍ତକ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନାବଳୀର ୧୦୦% ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ସମାଧାନ (100% Complete Solved Exercises)

Activity 1:

Make the following sentences negative. The first one has been done for you.

1. A baby can swim.

Answer: A baby cannot swim.

2. The tea is hot.

Answer: The tea is not hot.

3. Rabi is sleeping.

Answer: Rabi is not sleeping.

4. The boys are playing.

Answer: The boys are not playing.

5. Namita will return today.

Answer: Namita will not return today.

6. She must be Sheela.

Answer: She must not be Sheela.

7. Mantu has done a mistake.

Answer: Mantu has not done a mistake.

8. Babita may come here.

Answer: Babita may not come here.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

Activity 2:

Make the following sentences negative. The first one has been done for you.

1. Kunu invited me.

Answer: Kunu did not invite me.

2. Rajesh has a red pen.

Answer: Rajesh does not have a red pen.

(Explanation: 'has' here is a main verb, not an auxiliary. So, 'does not' is used, and 'has' changes to its base form 'have'.)

3. The fire-engine came late.

Answer: The fire-engine did not come late.

(Explanation: 'came' is simple past, so 'did not' is used, and 'came' changes to its base form 'come'.)

4. They often make noise.

Answer: They do not often make noise.

(Explanation: 'make' is simple present, so 'do not' is used.)

5. The ozone layer keeps us safe.

Answer: The ozone layer does not keep us safe.

(Explanation: 'keeps' is simple present (singular subject), so 'does not' is used, and 'keeps' changes to its base form 'keep'.)

6. The girl told a lie.

Answer: The girl did not tell a lie.

(Explanation: 'told' is simple past, so 'did not' is used, and 'told' changes to its base form 'tell'.)

Activity 3:

Turn the following sentences into negatives. Use the contracted form n't for not. The first one has been done for you.

1. We should help one another.

Answer: We shouldn't help one another.

2. Swati writes well.

Answer: Swati doesn't write well.

(Explanation: 'writes' is simple present, so 'does not' is used, contracted to 'doesn't'. 'writes' changes to 'write'.)

3. Buddhiman has been to Kolkata.

Answer: Buddhiman hasn't been to Kolkata.

4. You must ask him.

Answer: You mustn't ask him.

5. Rebati should remember it.

Answer: Rebati shouldn't remember it.

6. He does his work sincerely.

Answer: He doesn't do his work sincerely.

(Explanation: The first 'does' is the auxiliary for negation, the second 'do' is the main verb in its base form.)

7. My father can speak four languages.

Answer: My father can't speak four languages.

Activity 4:

Make Interrogative sentences.

1. Shivaji was clever.

Answer: Was Shivaji clever?

2. Ranjita had done that.

Answer: Had Ranjita done that?

3. The children are shouting.

Answer: Are the children shouting?

4. She has seen me.

Answer: Has she seen me?

5. Dogs can be more faithful.

Answer: Can dogs be more faithful?

6. Mohan is a good student.

Answer: Is Mohan a good student?

7. I am doing my best.

Answer: Am I doing my best?

Activity 5:

Make yes / no answer type questions. One example has been shown.

Reshma works at home.

Q. Does Reshma work at home?

1. Rupali always smiles.

Answer: Does Rupali always smile?

(Explanation: 'smiles' is simple present, so 'Does' is used, and 'smiles' changes to 'smile'.)

2. Biswajit occasionally tells a lie.

Answer: Does Biswajit occasionally tell a lie?

(Explanation: 'tells' is simple present, so 'Does' is used, and 'tells' changes to 'tell'.)

3. Trees breathe out oxygen.

Answer: Do trees breathe out oxygen?

(Explanation: 'breathe' is simple present (plural subject), so 'Do' is used.)

4. He put the book on the table.

Answer: Did he put the book on the table?

(Explanation: 'put' is simple past (V2 form, which is same as V1 for 'put'), so 'Did' is used.)

5. Mother cooks nicely.

Answer: Does Mother cook nicely?

(Explanation: 'cooks' is simple present (singular subject), so 'Does' is used, and 'cooks' changes to 'cook'.)

6. Everyone in the team performed well.

Answer: Did everyone in the team perform well?

(Explanation: 'performed' is simple past, so 'Did' is used, and 'performed' changes to 'perform'.)

7. He confessed his guilt.

Answer: Did he confess his guilt?

(Explanation: 'confessed' is simple past, so 'Did' is used, and 'confessed' changes to 'confess'.)

Activity 6:

Make questions using Who / What / When / Which / Where / Why / How to get the underlined words as answers. The first one has been done for you.

1. He lives in Kolkata.

Answer: Where does he live?

(Explanation: 'in Kolkata' indicates place, so 'Where' is used. 'lives' is simple present, so 'does' is used, and 'lives' changes to 'live'.)

2. I'm 14 years old.

Answer: How old are you?

(Explanation: '14 years old' indicates age, so 'How old' is used. The subject 'I' changes to 'you' in the question.)

3. Rajesh reached home at 7 p.m.

Answer: When did Rajesh reach home?

(Explanation: 'at 7 p.m.' indicates time, so 'When' is used. 'reached' is simple past, so 'did' is used, and 'reached' changes to 'reach'.)

4. Pinky snatched the book from Seema.

Answer: Who snatched the book from Seema?

(Explanation: 'Pinky' is the subject/doer, so 'Who' is used as the subject of the question. No 'do' form is needed.)

5. Her name is Avipsa.

Answer: What is her name?

(Explanation: 'Avipsa' is the name, so 'What' is used.)

6. They went there on a picnic.

Answer: Why did they go there?

(Explanation: 'on a picnic' indicates the reason/purpose, so 'Why' is used. 'went' is simple past, so 'did' is used, and 'went' changes to 'go'.)

7. The second flat belongs to Mr. Patra.

Answer: Whose flat is the second one?

(Explanation: 'Mr. Patra' indicates possession, so 'Whose' is used.)

୪. ବୋର୍ଡ ପରୀକ୍ଷା ମାଷ୍ଟ୍ରି ଟିପ୍ସ ଓ ସାଧାରଣ ଭୁଲ୍ (Board Exam Tips & Pitfalls)

ଏହି ଅଧ୍ୟାୟଟି ବୋର୍ଡ ପରୀକ୍ଷାରେ ବାକ୍ୟ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ (Transformation of Sentences) ବିଭାଗରେ ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ। ଏଥିରେ ଭଲ ନମ୍ବର ରଖିବା ପାଇଁ ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ଟିପ୍ସ ଏବଂ ସାଧାରଣ ଭୁଲଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଧ୍ୟାନ ଦେବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ।

୪.୧ ବୋର୍ଡ ପରୀକ୍ଷା ମାଷ୍ଟ୍ରି ଟିପ୍ସ (Board Exam Mastery Tips):

1. ସହାୟକ କ୍ରିୟା ଚିହ୍ନଟ କରନ୍ତୁ (Identify Auxiliary Verbs): ନେଗେଟିଭ୍ ଏବଂ ଇଣ୍ଟେରୋଗେଟିଭ୍ ବାକ୍ୟ ଗଠନ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ସହାୟକ କ୍ରିୟା (is, am, are, has, have, will, can, should, must ଇତ୍ୟାଦି) ର ଭୂମିକା ବୁଝିବା ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଜରୁରୀ। ଯଦି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ସହାୟକ କ୍ରିୟା ଅଛି, ତେବେ 'not' ତା'ପରେ ବସିବ କିମ୍ବା ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବାଚକ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ସହାୟକ କ୍ରିୟାଟି ବାକ୍ୟର ଆରମ୍ଭରେ ବସିବ।

2. 'Do' କ୍ରିୟାର ସଠିକ୍ ବ୍ୟବହାର (Correct Use of 'Do' Verbs): ଯେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ସହାୟକ କ୍ରିୟା ନଥାଏ (ଯଥା: Simple Present ଓ Simple Past Tense), ସେଠାରେ ନେଗେଟିଭ୍ ଓ ଇଣ୍ଟେରୋଗେଟିଭ୍ କରିବା ପାଇଁ 'do', 'does', 'did' ର ସଠିକ୍ ବ୍ୟବହାର ଶିଖନ୍ତୁ।

Simple Present (singular subject): does

Simple Present (plural subject/I/You): do

Simple Past (all subjects): did

3. ମୁଖ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟାର ମୂଳ ରୂପ (Base Form of Main Verb): 'do', 'does', 'did' ବ୍ୟବହାର କଲାବେଳେ ମୁଖ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟା ସର୍ବଦା ତା'ର ମୂଳ ରୂପ (V1) କୁ ଫେରିଆସେ। ଏହାକୁ ମନେ ରଖନ୍ତୁ। (ଉଦାହରଣ: He went → Did he go?)

4. ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ରୂପ (Contractions): 'n't' ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ନେଗେଟିଭ୍ ରୂପ (isn't, aren't, doesn't, didn't, won't ଇତ୍ୟାଦି) ଗଠନ କରିବା ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରନ୍ତୁ।

5. ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବାଚକ ଚିହ୍ନ (Question Mark): ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବାଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ ଶେଷରେ ସର୍ବଦା ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବାଚକ ଚିହ୍ନ (?) ଦେବାକୁ ଭୁଲନ୍ତୁ ନାହିଁ।

6. Yes/No ଓ Wh-Questions ମଧ୍ୟରେ ପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟ (Distinguish Yes/No and Wh-Questions):

Yes/No Questions: ସହାୟକ କ୍ରିୟା କିମ୍ବା 'Do/Does/Did' ରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୁଏ। ଉତ୍ତର 'Yes' କିମ୍ବା 'No' ରେ ଦିଆଯାଇପାରେ।

Wh-Questions: Wh-ଶବ୍ଦ (Who, What, When, Where, Why, Which, How) ରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୁଏ। ଏଥିରେ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ସୂଚନା ମଗାଯାଏ।

7. Wh-Word ଚୟନ (Choosing the Right Wh-Word): ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ଭାବରେ ଯେଉଁ ଅଂଶକୁ ଚାହୁଁଛନ୍ତି, ତାହାକୁ ଦେଖି ସଠିକ୍ Wh-word ବାଛନ୍ତୁ (ସ୍ଥାନ ପାଇଁ Where, ସମୟ ପାଇଁ When, କାରଣ ପାଇଁ Why, ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ପାଇଁ Who, ବସ୍ତୁ ପାଇଁ What ଇତ୍ୟାଦି)।

8. ଅଭ୍ୟାସ (Practice): ପାଠ୍ୟପୁସ୍ତକର ସମସ୍ତ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନକୁ ବାରମ୍ବାର ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରନ୍ତୁ। ଏହା ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ନିୟମଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ମନେ ରଖିବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିବ।

୪.୨ ସାଧାରଣ ଭୁଲ୍ (Common Pitfalls):

1. 'Do' କ୍ରିୟା ପରେ ମୁଖ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟାର ରୂପ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ନକରିବା (Not changing main verb form after 'Do' verbs):

ଭୁଲ୍: He did not came here.

ଠିକ୍: He did not come here.

2. ସହାୟକ କ୍ରିୟା ଥିବା ବାକ୍ୟରେ 'do' ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିବା (Using 'do' verbs when an auxiliary is already present):

ଭୁଲ୍: He does not can swim.

ଠିକ୍: He cannot swim.

3. 'Has/Have/Had' କୁ ମୁଖ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟା ଭାବରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କଲାବେଳେ ଭୁଲ୍ କରିବା (Incorrectly handling 'has/have/had' as main verbs):

ଭୁଲ୍: He hasn't a pen. (ଯଦି 'has' ଏକ ମୁଖ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟା)

ଠିକ୍: He doesn't have a pen.

4. ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବାଚକ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଶବ୍ଦର କ୍ରମ ଭୁଲ୍ କରିବା (Incorrect word order in interrogative sentences):

ଭୁଲ୍: You are happy?

ଠିକ୍: Are you happy?

5. ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବାଚକ ଚିହ୍ନ ନଦେବା (Missing question marks): ଏହା ଏକ ସାଧାରଣ ଭୁଲ୍ ଯାହା ନମ୍ବର କାଟିଦିଏ।

6. Exclamatory sentences ରେ negation ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିବା (Using negation in exclamatory sentences): ପାଠ୍ୟପୁସ୍ତକ ଅନୁଯାୟୀ, ଏହା ସାଧାରଣତଃ କରାଯାଏ ନାହିଁ।

7. Wh-word କୁ subject ଭାବରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କଲାବେଳେ 'do' ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିବା (Using 'do' verbs when the Wh-word is the subject):

ଭୁଲ୍: Who did break the glass?

ଠିକ୍: Who broke the glass?

ଏହି ନିୟମ ଏବଂ ଟିପ୍ସଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଅନୁସରଣ କରି ଆପଣ ଏହି ଅଧ୍ୟାୟରେ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଦକ୍ଷତା ହାସଲ କରିପାରିବେ ଏବଂ ପରୀକ୍ଷାରେ ଭଲ ନମ୍ବର ରଖିପାରିବେ।

(ନୋଟ୍ସ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି: ଉତ୍କଳ ସ୍କିଲ୍ ସେଣ୍ଟର - BSE Odisha 100% Full Textbook Master Edition)

🤖 Have a Doubt in this Chapter?

Ask Gundulu AI Voice Tutor to explain any question in bilingual Odia & English with 24/7 step-by-step guidance!

🚀 Try Gundulu AI on Utkal Skill Centre App