BSE ODISHA CLASS 9 • UTKAL MASTER STROKE

ବୋର୍ଡ ଅଫ୍ ସେକେଣ୍ଡାରୀ ଏଜୁକେସନ୍ (BSE Odisha) — ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଅଧ୍ୟାୟ ମାଷ୍ଟର ନୋଟ୍ସ

ଶ୍ରେଣୀ: Class 9 | ବିଷୟ: English

ଅଧ୍ୟାୟ: Class9 Eng Ch02 The Swimmer Who Does Not Need Her Legs

---

୧. ଅଧ୍ୟାୟର ସାରାଂଶ ଓ ମାଇଣ୍ଡ ମ୍ୟାପ୍ (Mind Map & Conceptual Architecture)

---

ଅଧ୍ୟାୟର ସାରାଂଶ (Deep Summary):

"The Swimmer Who Does Not Need Her Legs" ଅଧ୍ୟାୟଟି C.N. Janaki ନାମକ ଜଣେ ଅସାଧାରଣ ମହିଳାଙ୍କ ପ୍ରେରଣାଦାୟକ କାହାଣୀ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରେ। ଜାନକୀ ଶୈଶବରେ ପୋଲିଓ ରୋଗରେ ଆକ୍ରାନ୍ତ ହୋଇଥିଲେ, ଯାହା ତାଙ୍କ ଗୋଡ଼କୁ ଅକାମୀ କରିଦେଇଥିଲା। ତଥାପି, ସେ ଇଂରାଜୀ ଚ୍ୟାନେଲ୍ ପାର୍ କରିବାର ସ୍ୱପ୍ନ ଦେଖିଥିଲେ, ଯାହାକି ବିଶ୍ୱର ସବୁଠାରୁ କଠିନ ସନ୍ତରଣ ଚ୍ୟାଲେଞ୍ଜ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ ଗୋଟିଏ।

ତାଙ୍କର ଏହି ସ୍ୱପ୍ନକୁ ସାକାର କରିବା ପାଇଁ, ଇଂରାଜୀ ଚ୍ୟାନେଲ୍ ସୁଇମିଂ ଆସୋସିଏସନ୍ ଦୁଇଟି ସର୍ତ୍ତ ରଖିଥିଲା: ପ୍ରଥମତଃ, ଜଣେ ସନ୍ତରଣକାରୀକୁ ଅତି କମରେ ଦଶ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି କ୍ରମାଗତ ଭାବରେ ପାଣିରେ ରହିବାକୁ ସମର୍ଥ ହେବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ଏବଂ ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟତଃ, ସେ ମାରାଥନ୍ ସନ୍ତରଣ କରିବାକୁ ସମର୍ଥ ହେବା ଉଚିତ୍, ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ ଖୋଲା ସମୁଦ୍ରରେ ଦୀର୍ଘ ସମୟ ଧରି ସନ୍ତରଣ କରିବା। ଜାନକୀ ବାଙ୍ଗାଲୋରରେ ଚାରି ବର୍ଷ ଧରି କଠିନ ତାଲିମ ନେଇଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ପରେ ଆରବ ସାଗରରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରିଥିଲେ, ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ସେ ଦିନକୁ ୨୦ କିଲୋମିଟର ସନ୍ତରଣ କରିବା ଶିଖିଥିଲେ।

୧୯୯୨ ମସିହାରେ, ଜାନକୀ ତାଙ୍କ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କ ସହିତ ଇଂଲଣ୍ଡ ଯାଇଥିଲେ। ଇଂରାଜୀ ଚ୍ୟାନେଲ୍ ସୁଇମିଂ ଆସୋସିଏସନ୍ ର ଅଧିକାରୀମାନେ ଜଣେ ଶାରୀରିକ ଭିନ୍ନକ୍ଷମ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଙ୍କୁ ଚ୍ୟାନେଲ୍ ପାର୍ କରିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରୁଥିବା ଦେଖି ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ହୋଇଥିଲେ। ସେମାନେ ଜାନକୀଙ୍କୁ ଏକାକୀ ସନ୍ତରଣ କରିବାକୁ ଅନୁମତି ଦେଇନଥିଲେ, କାରଣ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଜରୁରୀକାଳୀନ ପରିସ୍ଥିତିରେ ପାଣିରୁ ଉଠାଇବା ପାଇଁ ଏକ ସ୍ୱତନ୍ତ୍ର ଡଙ୍ଗା ନଥିଲା। ତେଣୁ, ତାଙ୍କୁ ଏକ ରିଲେ ଟିମ୍ (Janaki's Maritime Express) ର ଅଂଶ ହେବାକୁ ପଡିଲା।

୨୮ ଜୁଲାଇ ୧୯୯୨ ରେ, ଜାନକୀ ତାଙ୍କ ରିଲେ ଟିମ୍ ସହିତ ଇଂରାଜୀ ଚ୍ୟାନେଲ୍ ପାର୍ କରିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରିଥିଲେ। ସେ ଦୁଇ ଘଣ୍ଟା ଧରି ସନ୍ତରଣ କରିଥିଲେ, ଯାହାକି ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ କଷ୍ଟକର ଥିଲା। ଚ୍ୟାନେଲ୍ ର ଥଣ୍ଡା ପାଣି, ଲୁଣିଆ ପାଣି, ସାମୁଦ୍ରିକ ଘାସ ଏବଂ ଜେଲିଫିସ୍ ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଅନେକ ସମସ୍ୟା ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିଥିଲା। ତଥାପି, ତାଙ୍କର ଦୃଢ଼ ଇଚ୍ଛାଶକ୍ତି ଏବଂ କଠିନ ପରିଶ୍ରମ ଯୋଗୁଁ, ସେ ସଫଳତାର ସହିତ ତାଙ୍କ ଅଂଶ ସନ୍ତରଣ କରିଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କ ଟିମ୍ ୧୪ ଘଣ୍ଟା ୪୫ ମିନିଟ୍ ରେ ୩୬ କିଲୋମିଟର ଚ୍ୟାନେଲ୍ ପାର୍ କରିଥିଲା। ଜାନକୀ ପ୍ରଥମ ଶାରୀରିକ ଭିନ୍ନକ୍ଷମ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଭାବରେ ଇଂରାଜୀ ଚ୍ୟାନେଲ୍ ପାର୍ କରିବାରେ ସଫଳ ହୋଇଥିଲେ।

ଜାନକୀଙ୍କ ଦର୍ଶନ ହେଉଛି ଯେ 'ଅସମ୍ଭବ' ଶବ୍ଦଟି କେବଳ ସେହି ଜିନିଷ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରଯୁଜ୍ୟ ଯାହାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରାଯାଇ ନାହିଁ। ସେ ପ୍ରମାଣ କରିଥିଲେ ଯେ ଶାରୀରିକ ଭିନ୍ନକ୍ଷମତା ସଫଳତାରେ ବାଧା ଦିଏ ନାହିଁ। କଠିନ ପରିଶ୍ରମ, ଦୃଢ଼ ସଂକଳ୍ପ, ସାହସ ଏବଂ ଆତ୍ମନିର୍ଭରଶୀଳତା ଦ୍ୱାରା ସମସ୍ତ ବାଧାବିଘ୍ନକୁ ଅତିକ୍ରମ କରାଯାଇପାରିବ। ସେ ବିଶ୍ୱାସ କରନ୍ତି ଯେ ସଫଳତାର କୌଣସି ସର୍ଟକଟ୍ ନାହିଁ।

ମାଇଣ୍ଡ ମ୍ୟାପ୍ (Conceptual Architecture):

C.N. Janaki: The Protagonist

Childhood: Struck by polio, legs useless.

Dream: Swim the English Channel.

The Challenge: English Channel

Conditions by English Channel Swimming Association:

10 hours continuous swimming.

Marathon swimming in high seas.

Janaki's Preparation & Training

Bangalore: 4 years of hard training (10 hours continuous in pool).

Coach: Mr. Gopal (NIS coach).

Malpe (Arabian Sea): 3 weeks training with Dinesh Suvarna.

Learnt to swim 20 km/day in sea.

Fundraising: Government, private agencies, friends.

Journey to England (1992)

With parents (Mr. Nagappa, Mrs. Indiramma).

Dover: Channel Swimming Association officials shocked by a handicapped person attempting.

The Relay Attempt

Solo attempt denied: No special boat for rescue.

Decision: Part of a relay team.

Team Name: 'Janaki's Maritime Express' (honour for Janaki).

Date: 28 July 1992.

Janaki's contribution: Swam for about two hours.

Team achievement: Crossed 36 km Channel in 14 hours 45 minutes.

Challenges Faced by Janaki during the Swim

Cold water (needed more energy).

Legs moving uncontrollably with waves.

Salty water (felt sick).

Seaweeds and jellyfish (uncomfortable).

Parents' Feelings

Anxious, worried, agonizing.

Could not eat.

Janaki's Triumph & Philosophy

First handicapped person to part-swim the English Channel.

Happy to fulfill dream, despite not solo.

Future Goal: 1996 Paraplegic Olympics in Atlanta.

Philosophy:

"Impossible" is for things untried.

Handicap is no bar to success.

Overcome obstacles by hard work, determination, courage, self-reliance.

No short-cut to success.

God helps those who help themselves.

Key Themes

Determination and Perseverance.

Courage and Self-reliance.

Overcoming Adversity/Disability.

The Power of Dreams.

---

୨. ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ, ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ ଓ ଗାଣିତିକ ସୂତ୍ରାବଳୀ (Comprehensive Theory & Formulas)

---

This chapter is a biographical narrative, focusing on human spirit and achievement rather than scientific theories or mathematical formulas. Therefore, this section will elaborate on the key themes, character analysis, and important vocabulary from the text.

୨.୧. Key Themes and Messages:

Determination and Perseverance: Janaki's story is a testament to unwavering determination. Despite her physical disability and the immense challenges, she trained rigorously for years and faced the daunting English Channel. Her refusal to give up, even when faced with difficulties like cold water, salty taste, and sea creatures, highlights the importance of perseverance.

Courage and Self-reliance: It takes immense courage to attempt something as challenging as swimming the English Channel, especially with a physical handicap. Janaki's decision to pursue this dream, her independent training, and her ability to face obstacles demonstrate strong self-reliance. She didn't let her disability define her limits.

Overcoming Adversity/Disability: The central message is that physical disability is not a barrier to achieving one's dreams. Janaki's success proves that with the right mindset, hard work, and support, one can overcome any physical limitation. She became an inspiration, showing that "impossible" is often just a word for something untried.

The Power of Dreams: Janaki's dream of swimming the English Channel fueled her entire journey. It gave her purpose, motivated her training, and ultimately led her to achieve something extraordinary. The story emphasizes the transformative power of having a clear, ambitious goal.

Importance of Support: While Janaki's self-reliance was crucial, the story also subtly highlights the support she received from her coach Mr. Gopal, Dinesh Suvarna, the Thimaiah National Academy of Adventure, and especially her parents, Mr. Nagappa and Mrs. Indiramma, who stood by her anxiously. Financial contributions from the government, private agencies, and friends were also vital.

୨.୨. Character Analysis: C.N. Janaki

Resilient: She bounced back from the setback of polio and set an ambitious goal.

Determined: Her four years of intense training and her persistence in the face of the Channel's conditions exemplify her determination.

Courageous: Attempting to swim the English Channel, known for its harsh conditions, with a physical disability, shows extraordinary courage.

Self-reliant: She took charge of her training and her dream, embodying her philosophy that "God helps those who help themselves."

Inspirational: Her achievement made her the first handicapped person to part-swim the English Channel, inspiring countless others.

Philosophical: Her belief that "impossible" is a word for things untried and that hard work leads to success provides a strong moral compass for the story.

୨.୩. Important Vocabulary and Usage (from Glossary and Text):

English Channel: The narrow sea passage that separates England and France. (e.g., "Janaki dreamt of swimming the English Channel.")

Polio: Infectious disease of the spine which causes an inability to move certain muscles. (e.g., "Janaki was struck by polio as a child.")

Handicapped: Having a physical disability. (e.g., "She became the first handicapped person to part-swim the English Channel.")

At a stretch: Without stopping. (e.g., "She could swim ten hours at a stretch.")

NIS (National Institute of Sports): A sports training institute. (e.g., "An NIS coach, Mr. Gopal, trained her.")

Solo: An unaccompanied swimming by one person alone. (e.g., "Janaki initially wanted to make a solo attempt.")

Waters (plural): Part of a sea or a river. (e.g., "The Channel waters were very cold and salty.")

Feel sick: Start vomiting. (e.g., "When the salty water entered her mouth, she felt sick.")

Morsel: A small piece of food. (e.g., "Her parents could not eat a single morsel due to worry.")

Agonizing: Causing mental anguish; worried. (e.g., "For her old parents, it was really very agonizing.")

Paraplegic: A person the lower part of whose body, including both legs, is paralysed. (e.g., "She aimed for the 1996 Paraplegic Olympics.")

Obstacle: Hindrance; barrier; bar; obstruction. (e.g., "One can overcome all obstacles by hard work.")

Self-reliance: An ability to do things and make decisions by oneself without the help of others. (e.g., "Self-reliance is very important for success.")

Conveyed: Communicated or made known. (e.g., "She conveyed her idea to the English Channel Swimming Association.")

Crippled: Disabled or impaired in movement. (e.g., "Her crippled legs did not stand in her way.")

Talented: Having a natural aptitude or skill for something. (e.g., "She became a talented sea-swimmer.")

Continuously: Without interruption. (e.g., "She trained to spend ten hours continuously in water.")

Marathon swimming: Long-distance swimming, often in open water. (e.g., "The conditions included marathon swimming.")

Fulfill: To bring to completion or reality. (e.g., "She trained hard to fulfill these conditions.")

Coastal town: A town located on the coast or shore of a sea. (e.g., "She went to the coastal town of Malpe for training.")

Practising: Performing an activity or exercising a skill repeatedly to improve or maintain proficiency. (e.g., "She began practising in the English Channel.")

Shocked: Greatly surprised or horrified. (e.g., "The officials were quite shocked to see her.")

Relay team: A team in which members take turns performing a task. (e.g., "She was part of a relay team.")

Maritime: Connected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity. (e.g., "The team was named 'Janaki's Maritime Express'.")

Anxiously: With a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something uncertain. (e.g., "Her parents had anxiously stood on Dover beach.")

Triumph: A great victory or achievement. (e.g., "Their daughter did triumph.")

Worthwhile: Worth one's time or effort; important or rewarding. (e.g., "She always wanted to do something worthwhile in life.")

---

୩. ପାଠ୍ୟପୁସ୍ତକ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନାବଳୀର ୧୦୦% ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ସମାଧାନ (100% Complete Solved Exercises)

---

A. Lead in:

This section is for discussion and reflection.

(i) Does he / she swim across a pond or a river?

(ii) Will it be easy or difficult for him / her?

(iii) Will it be impossible for him / her?

Discussion Points:

When a child is struck by polio, their legs might become useless, making movement, especially swimming, extremely challenging.

(i) Swimming across a pond or a river would be incredibly difficult, if not impossible, for someone whose legs are paralyzed.

(ii) It would be extremely difficult. Swimming primarily uses legs for propulsion and balance. Without the use of legs, a swimmer would have to rely entirely on upper body strength and a modified technique, which requires immense effort and specialized training.

(iii) For most people, it would seem impossible without significant adaptation and training. However, as Janaki's story shows, with determination and hard work, what seems impossible can become possible. The chapter aims to challenge this perception of impossibility.

D. Let's understand the text:

(i) When did Janaki get the idea of swimming the English Channel?

Answer: Janaki got the idea of trying to swim the English Channel when she was a child, after she was struck by polio in 1987.

(ii) What did she plan to do then?

Answer: She planned to swim the English Channel. To achieve this, she conveyed her idea to the English Channel Swimming Association for details about the requirements.

(iii) Who said, 'I was able to swim 10 hours at a stretch in the swimming pool'? (Choose the correct answer)

Answer: c. Janaki.

(iv) Where did she go with the help of Thimaiah National Academy of Adventure?

Answer: With the help of Thimaiah National Academy of Adventure, she went to the coastal town of Malpe.

(v) What did she do there?

Answer: In Malpe, she began training in the Arabian Sea with a coach named Dinesh Suvarna. She learnt to spend long hours in the sea by swimming a minimum of 20 kilometres a day.

(vi) Who contributed the money she needed for swimming the English channel?

Answer: The government, a few private agencies, and several friends contributed the money she needed for swimming the English Channel.

(vii) Who was Stella Streeter?

Answer: Stella Streeter was the famous Channel coach under whom Janaki trained for about three weeks in England.

(viii) What does ‘Janaki's Maritime Express' mean?

Answer: ‘Janaki's Maritime Express' was the name given to the relay team that Janaki was a part of when she swam the English Channel. The other swimmers, mostly Americans, named the team this way to honour Janaki, who was the only handicapped member and an inspiration to them.

E. Let's understand the text better:

1. What were the conditions set by the English Channel Swimming Authority?

Answer: The English Channel Swimming Association set two conditions for a swimmer to be allowed to make an attempt:

a. The swimmer should be able to spend at least ten hours continuously in water.

b. The swimmer should be able to do marathon swimming, meaning he or she should be able to swim in the high seas for long hours at a stretch.

2. Why were the officials of English Channel Swimming Association shocked?

Answer: The officials of the English Channel Swimming Association were shocked because it was the first time in their experience that a physically handicapped person like Janaki was trying to swim the English Channel. They were worried about her safety and ability.

3. Why was it decided that Janaki would be part of a relay team?

Answer: It was decided that Janaki would be part of a relay team because the Channel Swimming Association officials did not have a special boat to accompany her for a solo attempt. This special boat would have been necessary to lift her out of the water in case of an emergency, given her physical condition.

4. What were the channel waters like?

Answer: The channel waters were very cold, very salty, and contained seaweeds and jellyfish. The waves also caused Janaki's legs to move uncontrollably.

5. What were the problems that Janaki faced while swimming the channel in a relay team?

Answer: While swimming the channel in a relay team, Janaki faced several problems:

The Channel waters were very cold, requiring much more energy to keep her arms moving.

Her legs kept moving to the left or right, whichever way the waves were moving, making it difficult to maintain direction.

The water was very salty, and when it entered her mouth, she felt sick.

There were seaweeds and jellyfish that kept sticking to her body, making her feel very uncomfortable.

6. What were the feelings of Janaki's parents when she was crossing the channel waters?

Answer: Janaki's parents, Mr. Nagappa and Mrs. Indiramma, were extremely anxious and worried when she was crossing the channel waters. Mr. Nagappa stated that they could not eat a single morsel and found the situation "really very agonizing" because their daughter was doing something so dangerous.

7. What does the expression paraplegic Olympics mean?

Answer: The expression "Paraplegic Olympics" refers to the Paralympic Games, specifically for athletes with paraplegia (paralysis affecting the lower half of the body). It is an international multi-sport event where athletes with various disabilities compete, including those with spinal cord injuries leading to paraplegia.

8. What is it you like most about Janaki? (Is it her determination, her courage, her hardwork....?)

Answer: (This is a subjective question, but here's a model answer focusing on key traits from the text.)

What I like most about Janaki is her indomitable spirit and unwavering determination. Despite being struck by polio and having her legs rendered useless, she never allowed her disability to become an obstacle to her dreams. Her philosophy that "impossible" is just a word for something untried, coupled with her immense hard work and courage to train for years and face the English Channel, is truly inspiring. She exemplifies how one can overcome any challenge with sheer willpower and self-belief.

F. Let's Talk:

(a) Say whether the following statements are true or false. Discuss in groups.

(i) Janaki was struck by polio at the age of two.

Answer: False. The text states she was struck by polio in 1987 and as a child, but does not specify the age of two. (Paragraph 2 says "It was in 1987 that Janaki was struck by polio. As a child she got the idea...")

(ii) Janaki was the first woman to swim the English Channel.

Answer: False. Janaki was the first handicapped person to part-swim the English Channel as part of a relay team. She was not the first woman to swim it.

(iii) Janaki had begun training very hard before she attempted the channel swim.

Answer: True. She trained for almost four years in Bangalore and then three weeks in the Arabian Sea.

(iv) The Channel swimming Association permitted Janaki to swim alone across the English Channel.

Answer: False. They did not permit her to swim alone because they lacked a special boat for her rescue. She had to be part of a relay team.

(v) All other members of the relay team were also handicapped like Janaki.

Answer: False. The text explicitly states, "every member of the team other than Janaki was physically normal."

(vi) Janaki's parents were worried about her when she was in the channel waters.

Answer: True. Her parents were "anxiously stood on Dover beach" and found it "very agonizing."

(vii) The dream of Janaki was to swim the English channel.

Answer: True. This was her childhood dream.

(viii) Janaki wanted to prove that to be handicapped is no bar to success.

Answer: True. This is a core message of her philosophy mentioned in paragraph 13.

(b) Here are a few rules trekkers are expected to follow. Read the rules carefully. Discuss the rules in groups of three or four and say why each of them is necessary.

SOME RULES FOR TREKKING

Follow the route given by the Department of Tourism.

Take an authorised guide and porter.

Do not cut any plants or trees.

Do not kill any wild animal or bird.

Be careful when you walk in a wooded or grassy area.

Reasons for each rule:

1. Follow the route given by the Department of Tourism:

Necessity: This ensures safety. Designated routes are usually well-maintained, marked, and free from known hazards. Deviating from them can lead to getting lost, encountering dangerous terrain, or entering restricted areas. It also helps in emergency rescue operations if needed.

2. Take an authorised guide and porter:

Necessity: An authorised guide possesses local knowledge of the terrain, weather patterns, flora, and fauna, ensuring a safer and more informative trek. They can navigate difficult paths and handle emergencies. A porter helps carry luggage, making the trek less strenuous and more enjoyable for the trekkers.

3. Do not cut any plants or trees:

Necessity: This rule is crucial for environmental conservation. Cutting plants and trees leads to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and disruption of ecosystems. It helps preserve the natural beauty and ecological balance of the trekking area.

4. Do not kill any wild animal or bird:

Necessity: This rule protects wildlife and maintains ecological balance. Killing animals can lead to species endangerment, disrupt food chains, and harm the natural environment. It promotes respect for nature and its inhabitants.

5. Be careful when you walk in a wooded or grassy area:

Necessity: This is a safety precaution. Wooded and grassy areas can hide uneven ground, slippery surfaces, hidden roots, rocks, or even venomous snakes and insects. Being careful prevents falls, injuries, and unexpected encounters with wildlife.

G. Learn to Listen:

The students of class-IX have decided to go trekking in the Barunei Hills. Bakul was absent from school when the class teacher had a meeting with the students to plan the trip. So he meets his classmate Rahul to know what happened at the meeting. Bakul collects the information from Rahul. Now help Bakul to fill in the details about the trip:

Since no audio is provided, I will fill in plausible details based on the context of a school trip for trekking.

1. The Bus / Train

2. Luggage to be carried in a small backpack.

3. Items of luggage :

H. Let's learn some new words:

Mark the word in bold letters (para-13) below.

The word "impossible" is applied to something that has not been tried.

The root word of impossible is possible.

We add im with possible to get a new word.

and it gives opposite in meaning of possible.

This addition is known as prefix.

There are other prefixes which also convey the opposite meaning.

can you give some examples ?

Given below is a list of words. You have to tick the negative prefix-which goes with each of them. (Some of them take more than one such prefix.) The first one has been done for you.

I. Let's learn language:

B. Make sentences of your own using the phrases given below.

(a) at a stretch:

Sentence: I can study for three hours at a stretch when I am fully focused.

(b) leave for:

Sentence: My family will leave for Puri early tomorrow morning.

(c) in spite of:

Sentence: In spite of the heavy rain, the match continued.

(d) a lot of:

Sentence: There was a lot of noise coming from the construction site.

(e) keep a sharp eye:

Sentence: The teacher asked the students to keep a sharp eye on their belongings during the excursion.

Complete the following sentences with could, was/were able to / couldn't.

(i) The fire spread quickly but everyone was able to escape.

Explanation: "Was able to" is used here because it refers to a specific achievement or successful action in the past, despite a difficulty.

(ii) He could drive when he was sixteen, but he couldn't because he didn't have a licence.

Explanation: "Could" indicates general ability in the past. "Couldn't" indicates inability or lack of permission in a specific situation.

(iii) They didn't have any tomatoes in the first shop I went to, but I was able to get some in the next shop.

Explanation: "Was able to" signifies a successful action or achievement in a particular instance.

(iv) The boy fell into the river but fortunately we were able to rescue him.

Explanation: "Were able to" denotes a successful rescue operation in a specific past event.

(v) He had hurt his leg, so he couldn't walk very slowly.

Explanation: "Couldn't" indicates an inability to perform an action due to a specific condition (hurt leg). Alternatively, "wasn't able to walk very slowly" could also fit, but "couldn't" is more concise for general inability.

(vi) I looked everywhere for the book but I couldn't find it.

Explanation: "Couldn't" indicates a failure to achieve something in a specific past attempt.

J. Let's writing:

You would like to learn swimming. Fill in the details in the letter to the Thimaiah National Academy of Adventure about one of the courses listed:

In your letter, ask for the following points:

Who can apply for the course minimum age, etc.

What is the duration of the course?

How much you have to pay for the course.

What kind of food and accommodation you will be given.

Whether you need to give a medical certificate or not.

Letter:

The Director

Thimaiah National Academy of Adventure

Bangalore, Karnataka

Sir,

Subject: Inquiry regarding Swimming Course

I have read your advertisement about the three courses you offer at your institute, and I am particularly interested in enrolling in a swimming course. I am writing to request some detailed information regarding the same.

Could you please provide me with the following details:

1. What are the eligibility criteria for applying to the swimming course, including the minimum age requirement?

2. What is the exact duration of the swimming course?

3. Could you please inform me about the total fees for the course, including any registration charges?

4. What kind of food and accommodation facilities are provided to the students during the course?

5. Is it mandatory to submit a medical certificate at the time of admission or before commencing the course?

I am very eager to learn swimming and believe your academy would be the ideal place for it. I look forward to your kind reply and the necessary information at your earliest convenience.

Yours faithfully,

(Your Name)

(Your Address)

(Your Contact Number/Email)

---

୪. ବୋର୍ଡ ପରୀକ୍ଷା ମାଷ୍ଟ୍ରି ଟିପ୍ସ ଓ ସାଧାରଣ ଭୁଲ୍ (Board Exam Tips & Pitfalls)

---

୪.୧. ପରୀକ୍ଷା ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି ରଣନୀତି (Exam Preparation Strategies):

୧. ଅଧ୍ୟାୟକୁ ଭଲ ଭାବରେ ପଢ଼ନ୍ତୁ (Thorough Reading): ଅଧ୍ୟାୟଟିକୁ ଅତି କମରେ ଦୁଇରୁ ତିନି ଥର ପଢ଼ନ୍ତୁ। ଏହାର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ, ଚରିତ୍ର ଏବଂ ଘଟଣାଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବୁଝିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରନ୍ତୁ।

୨. ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ ଚିହ୍ନଟ କରନ୍ତୁ (Identify Key Themes): ଜାନକୀଙ୍କ ଦୃଢ଼ତା, ସାହସ, ଆତ୍ମନିର୍ଭରଶୀଳତା ଏବଂ ବାଧାବିଘ୍ନକୁ ଅତିକ୍ରମ କରିବାର କ୍ଷମତା ଉପରେ ଧ୍ୟାନ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ। ଏହି ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଉପରେ ଆଧାରିତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଆସିପାରେ।

୩. ଶବ୍ଦକୋଷ ଏବଂ ବ୍ୟାକରଣ ଉପରେ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ (Focus on Vocabulary and Grammar): ଅଧ୍ୟାୟରେ ଥିବା ନୂତନ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ (ଯେପରିକି glossary ରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଛି) ମନେ ରଖନ୍ତୁ ଏବଂ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକର ବ୍ୟବହାର ଶିଖନ୍ତୁ। 'could' ଏବଂ 'was/were able to' ର ବ୍ୟବହାର ଭଳି ବ୍ୟାକରଣ ବିଭାଗକୁ ଭଲ ଭାବରେ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରନ୍ତୁ।

୪. ପ୍ରଶ୍ନୋତ୍ତର ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରନ୍ତୁ (Practice Q&A): ପାଠ୍ୟପୁସ୍ତକର ସମସ୍ତ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ଲେଖି ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରନ୍ତୁ। ଏହା ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଉତ୍ତର ଲେଖିବାର ଶୈଳୀ ଏବଂ ସମୟ ପରିଚାଳନାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିବ।

୫. ସାରାଂଶ ଲେଖିବା ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରନ୍ତୁ (Practice Summary Writing): ଅଧ୍ୟାୟର ଏକ ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ସାରାଂଶ ନିଜ ଭାଷାରେ ଲେଖିବା ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରନ୍ତୁ। ଏହା ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁକୁ ଭଲ ଭାବରେ ମନେ ରଖିବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିବ।

୬. ପ୍ରେରଣାଦାୟକ ବାର୍ତ୍ତା ଉପରେ ଧ୍ୟାନ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ (Focus on Inspirational Message): ଏହି ଅଧ୍ୟାୟର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟ ହେଉଛି ପ୍ରେରଣା ଯୋଗାଇବା। ଜାନକୀଙ୍କ ଜୀବନରୁ କି ଶିକ୍ଷା ମିଳେ, ତାହା ଉପରେ ଚିନ୍ତା କରନ୍ତୁ।

୪.୨. ୧୦୦/୧୦୦ ସ୍କୋରିଂ ସିକ୍ରେଟ୍ସ (100/100 Scoring Secrets):

୧. ସଠିକ୍ ଏବଂ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଉତ୍ତର (Accurate and Clear Answers): ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ସିଧାସଳଖ ଏବଂ ସଠିକ୍ ଉତ୍ତର ଲେଖନ୍ତୁ। ଅଯଥା କଥା ଲେଖିବାରୁ ଦୂରେଇ ରୁହନ୍ତୁ।

୨. ଉତ୍ତରରେ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଶବ୍ଦର ବ୍ୟବହାର (Use of Keywords in Answers): ଅଧ୍ୟାୟରୁ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଶବ୍ଦ (keywords) ଯେପରିକି 'polio', 'English Channel', 'relay team', 'determination', 'self-reliance' ଇତ୍ୟାଦିକୁ ଉତ୍ତରରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରନ୍ତୁ।

୩. ବ୍ୟାକରଣଗତ ଶୁଦ୍ଧତା (Grammatical Accuracy): ବ୍ୟାକରଣଗତ ତ୍ରୁଟି ଯେପରି ନହୁଏ, ସେଥିପ୍ରତି ଧ୍ୟାନ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ। ବିଶେଷକରି Tenses, Articles, Prepositions ର ସଠିକ୍ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରନ୍ତୁ।

୪. ଉତ୍ତରର ସଂରଚନା (Structure of Answers): ଦୀର୍ଘ ଉତ୍ତରଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପଏଣ୍ଟ୍ ଆକାରରେ କିମ୍ବା ଛୋଟ ଛୋଟ Paragraph ରେ ଲେଖନ୍ତୁ। ଏହା ଉତ୍ତରକୁ ଅଧିକ ପଠନୀୟ କରିଥାଏ।

୫. ହସ୍ତାକ୍ଷର ଏବଂ ପରିଷ୍କାରତା (Handwriting and Neatness): ପରିଷ୍କାର ଏବଂ ସୁନ୍ଦର ହସ୍ତାକ୍ଷରରେ ଲେଖନ୍ତୁ। କଟାକଟି କମ୍ କରନ୍ତୁ। ଏହା ପରୀକ୍ଷକଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଭଲ ପ୍ରଭାବ ପକାଇଥାଏ।

୬. ସମୟ ପରିଚାଳନା (Time Management): ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ପାଇଁ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ସମୟ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ ଏବଂ ସମସ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ଦେବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରନ୍ତୁ।

୪.୩. ସାଧାରଣ ଭୁଲ୍ (Common Student Errors):

୧. ଅଧ୍ୟାୟକୁ ଅସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭାବରେ ପଢ଼ିବା (Incomplete Reading of the Chapter): ଅନେକ ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀ ଅଧ୍ୟାୟକୁ ଉପରଠାଉରିଆ ଭାବରେ ପଢ଼ନ୍ତି, ଯାହା ଫଳରେ ସେମାନେ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ତଥ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁକୁ ହରାଇଥାନ୍ତି।

୨. ବ୍ୟାକରଣଗତ ତ୍ରୁଟି (Grammatical Mistakes): Tenses, Subject-Verb Agreement, Prepositions, Articles ରେ ଭୁଲ୍ କରିବା ଏକ ସାଧାରଣ ଭୁଲ୍। ଏହା ମାର୍କ କମାଇଥାଏ।

୩. ଶବ୍ଦକୋଷର ଅଭାବ (Lack of Vocabulary): ଅଧ୍ୟାୟରେ ଥିବା ନୂତନ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ନ ବୁଝିବା କିମ୍ବା ବ୍ୟବହାର ନ କରିବା ଫଳରେ ଉତ୍ତରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଦୁର୍ବଳ ହୋଇଥାଏ।

୪. ପ୍ରଶ୍ନକୁ ଭୁଲ୍ ବୁଝିବା (Misunderstanding the Question): ପ୍ରଶ୍ନକୁ ଭଲ ଭାବରେ ନ ପଢ଼ି ଉତ୍ତର ଲେଖିବା ଫଳରେ ଅସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କିମ୍ବା ଅସମ୍ପୃକ୍ତ ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଆଯାଇଥାଏ।

୫. 'could' ଏବଂ 'was/were able to' ର ଭୁଲ୍ ବ୍ୟବହାର (Incorrect Use of 'could' and 'was/were able to'): ଏହି ଦୁଇଟିର ବ୍ୟବହାରରେ ଥିବା ସୂକ୍ଷ୍ମ ପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟକୁ ନ ବୁଝିବା ଫଳରେ ବ୍ୟାକରଣଗତ ତ୍ରୁଟି ହୋଇଥାଏ। 'Could' ସାଧାରଣ ଦକ୍ଷତା ପାଇଁ ଏବଂ 'was/were able to' ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ପରିସ୍ଥିତିରେ ସଫଳତା ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ।

୬. ଅନୁଶୀଳନୀ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ନ କରିବା (Not Practicing Exercise Questions): ପାଠ୍ୟପୁସ୍ତକର ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ନ କରିବା ଦ୍ୱାରା ପରୀକ୍ଷାରେ କିପରି ଉତ୍ତର ଲେଖିବାକୁ ହେବ, ତାହା ଜାଣି ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ।

୭. ସମୟ ଅଭାବ (Time Shortage): ପରୀକ୍ଷାରେ ସମୟ ପରିଚାଳନା ନ କରିବା ଫଳରେ କିଛି ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ଦେବା ବାକି ରହିଯାଏ।

───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

(ନୋଟ୍ସ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି: ଉତ୍କଳ ସ୍କିଲ୍ ସେଣ୍ଟର - BSE Odisha 100% Full Textbook Master Edition)

🤖 Have a Doubt in this Chapter?

Ask Gundulu AI Voice Tutor to explain any question in bilingual Odia & English with 24/7 step-by-step guidance!

🚀 Try Gundulu AI on Utkal Skill Centre App