ବୋର୍ଡ ଅଫ୍ ସେକେଣ୍ଡାରୀ ଏଜୁକେସନ୍ (BSE Odisha) — ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଅଧ୍ୟାୟ ମାଷ୍ଟର ନୋଟ୍ସ
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ: Class 9 | ବିଷୟ: English
ଅଧ୍ୟାୟ: Class9 Eng Ch03 Road Safety Week
୧. ଅଧ୍ୟାୟର ସାରାଂଶ ଓ ମାଇଣ୍ଡ ମ୍ୟାପ୍ (Mind Map & Conceptual Architecture)
ଅଧ୍ୟାୟର ସାରାଂଶ (Chapter Summary):
"Road Safety Week" ଅଧ୍ୟାୟଟି ରାସ୍ତା ସୁରକ୍ଷାର ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ଏବଂ ଏହାକୁ ପ୍ରୋତ୍ସାହିତ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ପାଳିତ ହେଉଥିବା "ରାସ୍ତା ସୁରକ୍ଷା ସପ୍ତାହ" (Road Safety Week) ବିଷୟରେ ଆଲୋଚନା କରେ। ଏହା ଏକ ଦୁଃଖଦ ବସ୍ ଦୁର୍ଘଟଣାର ଖବର ସହିତ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୁଏ, ଯାହା ରାସ୍ତା ସୁରକ୍ଷା ନିୟମ ପାଳନର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତାକୁ ଦର୍ଶାଏ। ଅଧ୍ୟାୟଟି ରାସ୍ତା ସୁରକ୍ଷା କାହିଁକି ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ, ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗଠନ (WHO) ର ତଥ୍ୟ ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ଦୁର୍ଘଟଣାର ମୁଖ୍ୟ କାରଣ (ସଚେତନତାର ଅଭାବ), ଏବଂ ରାସ୍ତା ସୁରକ୍ଷା ସପ୍ତାହର ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ଓ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ରମ ବିଷୟରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରେ। ଏହି ସପ୍ତାହ ପ୍ରତିବର୍ଷ ଜାନୁଆରୀ ମାସରେ ଭାରତର ସଡ଼କ ପରିବହନ ଏବଂ ରାଜପଥ ମନ୍ତ୍ରଣାଳୟ (Ministry of Road Transport and Highways) ଦ୍ୱାରା ଆୟୋଜିତ ହୁଏ। ଏଥିରେ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ସଂଗଠନ, ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ ଓ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ ସ୍ୱେଚ୍ଛାକୃତ ଭାବେ ଅଂଶଗ୍ରହଣ କରନ୍ତି।
ଅଧ୍ୟାୟଟି ଦୁର୍ଘଟଣାର ମୁଖ୍ୟ କାରଣଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବିସ୍ତୃତ ଭାବରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରେ, ଯେପରିକି ମଦ୍ୟପାନ କରି ଗାଡ଼ି ଚଳାଇବା, ନାବାଳକ ଗାଡ଼ି ଚଳାଇବା, ଅନ୍ୟମନସ୍କ ହୋଇ ଗାଡ଼ି ଚଳାଇବା (ମୋବାଇଲ୍ ଫୋନ୍ ବ୍ୟବହାର, କଥାବାର୍ତ୍ତା, ଉଚ୍ଚ ସ୍ୱରରେ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ଶୁଣିବା), ସିଟ୍ ବେଲ୍ଟ କିମ୍ବା ହେଲମେଟ୍ ବ୍ୟବହାର ନକରିବା, ଟ୍ରାଫିକ୍ ନିୟମ ଭାଙ୍ଗିବା, ଅସାବଧାନ ପଥଚାରୀ ଏବଂ ଅସୁରକ୍ଷିତ ବା ଅନୁପଯୁକ୍ତ ବାଣିଜ୍ୟିକ ଯାନବାହନ। ଶେଷରେ, ଏହା ଦୁର୍ଘଟଣା ରୋକିବା ପାଇଁ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଉପାୟ, ଯେପରିକି କଡ଼ା ନିୟମ ଲାଗୁ କରିବା, ଲାଇସେନ୍ସ ପ୍ରଦାନରେ କଠୋରତା, ଜରିମାନା, ସଚେତନତା ବୃଦ୍ଧି ଏବଂ ଯାନବାହନର ଫିଟନେସ୍ ଯାଞ୍ଚ ଉପରେ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱାରୋପ କରେ। ଏହି ଅଧ୍ୟାୟଟି ଜୀବନର ମୂଲ୍ୟବାନତାକୁ ଚିହ୍ନିବା ଏବଂ ନିଜର ତଥା ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ଜୀବନ ବଞ୍ଚାଇବା ପାଇଁ ରାସ୍ତା ସୁରକ୍ଷା ନିୟମ ପାଳନ କରିବାର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ଉପରେ ଏକ ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ବାର୍ତ୍ତା ଦିଏ।
ମାଇଣ୍ଡ ମ୍ୟାପ୍ (Mind Map & Conceptual Architecture):
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ରାସ୍ତା ସୁରକ୍ଷା ସପ୍ତାହ (Road Safety Week)
(ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ)
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୧. ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ (Importance) ୨. ଦୁର୍ଘଟଣାର କାରଣ (Causes of Accidents) ୩. ରାସ୍ତା ସୁରକ୍ଷା ସପ୍ତାହ (RSW)
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୪. RSW କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ରମ ଓ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକଳାପ (RSW Programs & Activities)
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୫. ଦୁର୍ଘଟଣା ନିବାରଣ ଉପାୟ (Accident Prevention Measures)
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୬. ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ (Conclusion)
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୨. ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ, ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ ଓ ଗାଣିତିକ ସୂତ୍ରାବଳୀ (Comprehensive Theory & Formulas)
A. Lead in: News Item Analysis
The chapter begins with a tragic news item about a bus accident near Jagatpur, Cuttack, on November 20, 2018.
B. The Text: Road Safety Week
Paragraph 1: The Paramount Importance of Road Safety
Paragraph 2: Understanding Road Safety Week
Paragraph 3: Organization and Activities of Road Safety Week
Paragraph 4: Major Causes of Road Accidents
This paragraph highlights several critical factors contributing to serious accidents and fatalities.
Paragraph 5: Accident Prevention Strategies
This paragraph focuses on measures to prevent accidents by addressing their root causes.
Paragraph 6: Conclusion - The Value of Life
C. Notes and Glossary:
୩. ପାଠ୍ୟପୁସ୍ତକ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନାବଳୀର ୧୦୦% ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ସମାଧାନ (100% Complete Solved Exercises)
A. Lead in:
Q1. What is this passage about?
Answer: This passage is about a tragic bus accident that occurred near Jagatpur, Cuttack, and the resulting casualties and government response. It serves as an introduction to the topic of road safety.
Q2. What happened after the accident occurred?
Answer: After the accident, all the injured passengers were rescued and taken to Cuttack medical college hospital for treatment. The Government of Odisha announced financial assistance of two lakh rupees each to the kin of the victims and free treatment to the injured passengers. An official inquiry into the incident was also ordered.
Q3. Why did this accident happen? Can you think of some other causes of the accident?
Answer: This accident happened because the private bus hit a buffalo on the bridge. The driver turned the bus aside to save the animal, which caused the bus to crash into the railing and fall into the riverbed.
Some other common causes of accidents include:
Q4. Suggest some ways to avoid such dreadful accidents.
Answer: Some ways to avoid such dreadful accidents are:
D. Let's understand the text:
Q1. What is the first paragraph about?
Answer: The first paragraph is about the paramount importance of road safety and why everyone needs to be aware of road traffic rules to avoid injuries and deaths. It also mentions that lack of awareness is a leading cause of hospitalizations and deaths, according to the WHO.
Q2. What is road safety? What does it involve?
Answer: Road safety is the safety of people from roadside injuries and deaths. It involves various methods and measures which must be followed by road users to prevent serious injuries and deaths.
Q3. What is the finding of the World Health Organisation?
Answer: The World Health Organisation (WHO) finds that most of the hospitalization cases and leading causes of death are due to a lack of awareness about road safety.
Q4. Why is there a greater need of awareness among people about road safety?
Answer: There is a greater need for awareness among people about road safety because the number of vehicle users is increasing, which leads to a rise in accidents.
Q5. What does the second paragraph talk about?
Answer: The second paragraph talks about what Road Safety Week is, its aim to raise public awareness about traffic rules, reduce road accidents, and save lives. It also mentions the various organizations involved and the key issues it aims to sensitize people about, such as drunken driving, high-speed driving, and the importance of safety gear.
Q6. Who observes the Road Safety Week Campaign?
Answer: The government observes Road Safety Weeks. Additionally, many charitable organizations, non-government agencies, and private firms across the country also organize and provide logistic support to the Road Safety Week Campaign.
Q7. When is it observed?
Answer: The Road Safety Week is observed every year. (The specific month is mentioned in the third paragraph).
Q8. What is the main aim of Road Safety Week Campaign?
Answer: The main aim of the Road Safety Week Campaign is to sensitize people about the outcome of drunken driving, high-speed driving, and the importance of wearing a helmet for bikers and a seat-belt for four-wheel drivers. It also instructs people not to use cell phones or listen to music while driving.
Q9. What things should people know about road safety by this campaign?
Answer: By this campaign, people should know about traffic rules, signs, cautions they should take on the road, the dangers of drunken driving, high-speed driving, and the importance of wearing helmets and seatbelts. They should also know not to use cell phones or listen to music while driving.
Q10. What does the author say in the third paragraph?
Answer: In the third paragraph, the author says that Road Safety Week is organized every year in January by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways of India. It is celebrated with great interest in major cities, involving various programs like distributing educational materials, public awareness campaigns, participation from schools and colleges, checks on drivers, and organizing competitions, workshops, and medical camps.
Q11. When is the Road Safety Week organised?
Answer: The Road Safety Week is organised every year in the month of January.
Q12. Where do people celebrate this week? Who voluntarily take part in the campaign?
Answer: People celebrate this week in major cities like Delhi, Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Baroda, Pune, Bhubaneswar, Hyderabad, and Chandigarh. Many schools and colleges voluntarily take part in the campaign.
Q13. What do the local authorities do during this campaign?
Answer: During this campaign, the local authorities organize a thorough check of drivers and motorcyclists to send a strong message of "Zero Tolerance against Drunken Driving" and other safety violations.
Q14. How do drivers get benefit out of this programme?
Answer: Drivers get benefit out of this programme through free medical check-up camps and driving training workshops that are organized for them. They are also explained about traffic rules and signs, and the cautions they should take on road.
Q15. What activities are organised for school and college children?
Answer: Various painting and drawing competitions, road safety announcements, exhibitions, tests of road rules, and debates on selected themes are organised for school and college children.
Q16. Why is the fourth paragraph important for us?
Answer: The fourth paragraph is important for us because it highlights the various important factors or causes that may lead to serious accidents and fatalities. Understanding these causes helps us to be aware of the risks and take necessary precautions to prevent accidents.
Q17. How many important causes of accident have been highlighted in this paragraph? Can you add some more causes to this list?
Answer: Six important causes of accidents have been highlighted in this paragraph:
1. Drunken driving
2. Underage driving
3. Distracted driving (using cell phones, talking to passengers, loud music)
4. Not using seat belts, jumping signals, or driving in restricted lanes
5. Careless pedestrians
6. Unsafe and poorly kept commercial vehicles
Some more causes that can be added to this list are:
Q18. Who are eligible to get driving licence from the authorities?
Answer: In India, a person is eligible to get a driving licence for a private vehicle at 18 years of age. One can apply for a learner's licence at 16 years for vehicles of 50cc engine capacity with the consent of parents. For driving a commercial vehicle, a person should be 20 years old.
Q19. What does 'distracted driving' mean?
Answer: 'Distracted driving' means driving while one's attention is diverted from the primary task of driving. This includes speaking on cell phones, texting while driving, talking to other passengers, and sometimes listening to loud music.
Q20. Find out the word, in the fourth paragraph, which means 'traveller on foot'?
Answer: The word is 'pedestrians'.
Q21. What can you learn from the fifth paragraph?
Answer: From the fifth paragraph, we can learn about the various measures and strategies to prevent road accidents. These include checking for drunken driving, strict licensing, fining for cell phone use and not using safety gear, cautioning drivers with signs, making fitness certificates compulsory, and having zero tolerance for rule violations.
Q22. How can the drunken driving be checked?
Answer: Drunken driving can be checked by local authorities conducting thorough checks on drivers of all vehicles and motorcycles. They can use breathalyzers and implement strict "Zero Tolerance" policies.
Q23. What should the government do for issuing driving licence?
Answer: The government should issue strict orders to the licence issuing authorities to take strong steps while issuing licences, ensuring that only qualified and responsible people obtain them.
Q24. What can be done for old and unused vehicles?
Answer: The text mentions that a fitness certificate should be made compulsory for every vehicle running on the road. This implies that old and unused vehicles that do not meet fitness standards should not be allowed on the road. They should either be properly maintained, repaired, or scrapped if they are unsafe.
Q25. Who does ‘us' refer to in the last paragraph?
Answer: In the last paragraph, 'us' refers to all individuals, i.e., all road users and members of society.
Q26. Can you suggest some more ways to prevent road accidents?
Answer: Yes, some more ways to prevent road accidents include:
E. Let's understand the text better:
(a) Match the paragraph numbers under column 'A' with their main ideas given under column 'B'. (Write the number of the paragraph in the box.)
| A (Paragraph No.) | B (Main Ideas) |
|---|---|
| 3 | organisation of road safety week |
| 4 | causes of road accidents |
| 5 | ways or measures for prevention of road accidents |
| 1 | road safety and its importance |
| 6 | conclusion; theme of the text |
| 2 | aims of Road Safety Week Campaign |
(b) Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate words from brackets.
(distracted driving, on-road travellers, drivers, safety, school children, sixteen years, simple rules, awareness)
(i) According to the statistics of the World Health Organisation, most of the hospitalisation cases and leading causes of deaths are due to lack of awareness about road safety.
(ii) The aim of Road Safety Week Campaign is to emphasise and educate people about safe road travel by applying just simple rules.
(iii) Pocket guides and leaflets related to road safety are distributed to the on-road travellers.
(iv) Free medical check-up camps are organised for the drivers.
(v) Traffic safety games including card games, puzzles and board games are organised for school children.
(vi) The permissible age in India for having a driving licence is sixteen years for vehicles up to 50 CC engine capacities without gears with the consent of parents.
(vii) Texting on cell phones while driving is a kind of distracted driving.
(viii) Everyone should think about safety first then drive.
(c) Mark the words in bold letters in the following sentences.
According to the statistics of the World Health organisation, most cases of hospitalisation and leading causes of death are due to lack of awareness.
We can break the words in the following way and know how they are formed.
1. hospitalisation = hospitalise + tion
2. organisation = organise + tion
Here 'hospitalise' and 'organise' are verbs, and 'hospitalisation' and 'organisation' are nouns. Now break the following words and find the verbs. You may use a dictionary to get the 'verb forms'.
(i) regulation = regulate + tion
(ii) celebration = celebrate + tion
(iii) estimation = estimate + tion
(iv) promotion = promote + tion
(v) transportation = transport + ation
(vi) observation = observe + ation
(vii) education = educate + tion
(viii) competition = compete + tion
(ix) distribution = distribute + tion
(x) motivation = motivate + tion
(xi) commutation = commute + tion
(xii) violation = violate + tion
(xiii) prevention = prevent + tion
(xiv) provision = provide + sion
Now, fill in the blanks in the following sentences with suitable words (verbs/nouns) from the above list in their correct forms.
(i) The government organises the Road Safety Week every year in the month of January.
(ii) Many non-government organisations provide support to the Road Safety Week Campaign.
(iii) The aim of the Road Safety Week Campaign is to educate the people.
(iv) We can prevent accidents by making people aware of the road safety rules.
(v) Road Safety Quiz competitions are organised for the young people.
(vi) Persons caught talking or texting on cell phones should be fined not to repeat such violations.
(vii) The act of coming to the working place and going back home every day is called commutation.
(viii) We can distribute leaflets to make people aware of the road safety rules.
(d) Study the following pairs of words and mark their combination. (Collocation)
Now, match the words under 'A' with the words under 'B' and write the pairs of words below. One is done for you.
| A | B |
|---|---|
| seat | training |
| traffic | driver |
| driving | pedestrians |
| medical | belt |
| parking | rules |
| prohibited | area |
| drunken | gap |
| careless | competition |
| distant | check-up |
| drawing | place |
Matched Pairs:
1. Seat belt
2. Traffic rules
3. Driving licence (implied, or driving training)
4. Medical check-up
5. Parking area
6. Prohibited place
7. Drunken driver
8. Careless pedestrians
9. Distant gap
10. Drawing competition
F. Let's talk:
(a) The teacher reads aloud the following sentences. Listen to him/her and say whether they are “True” or “False”. Refer to the text and say the paragraph number and the line number in which the answer is available.
i. Most of the accidents take place due to lack of awareness among the people.
Answer: True (Paragraph 1, Line 8-9: "According to the World Health Organisation, most of the hospitalisation cases and leading causes of death are due to lack of awareness.")
ii. The celebration of Road Safety Week is one of the awareness programmes to be safe on the road.
Answer: True (Paragraph 2, Line 1-2: "Road Safety Week is one of the awareness programmes for road safety.")
iii. Road Safety campaign discourages people not to drink alcohol, not to use cell phones for talking and texting.
Answer: True (Paragraph 2, Line 8-10: "The aim of this campaign is to sensitise people about the outcome of drunken driving... They are instructed not to use cell phones or listen to music while driving.")
iv. Road Safety Week is organised every year in the month of November by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highway.
Answer: False (Paragraph 3, Line 1-2: "Road Safety Week is organised every year in the month of January by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways of India.")
v. During the Road Safety Week training camps are organised for school and college children.
Answer: False (Paragraph 3, Line 13-14: "Free medical check-up camps and driving training workshops are also organised for the drivers." For school/college children, competitions are mentioned, not training camps.)
vi. The young people at the age of 16 can obtain driving licence.
Answer: True (Paragraph 4, Line 5-7: "One can apply for a learner's licence when he or she is 16 years old. In this case, age limit is prescribed for driving the private vehicles only. He/she can drive a vehicle of 50cc engine capacity with the consent of his/her parents.")
vii. The fitness certificates should be made compulsory for only old and unused vehicles.
Answer: False (Paragraph 5, Line 8-9: "The fitness certificate should be made compulsory for every vehicle running on road...")
viii. Talking to other persons while driving comes under drunken driving.
Answer: False (Paragraph 4, Line 10-11: "accident occurs when one resorts to distracted driving which includes... talking to the other passengers...") Talking to others is distracted driving, not drunken driving.
ix. Road Safety Week creates an opportunity to make people understand what could be done to save our life as well as the life of others.
Answer: True (Paragraph 6, Line 1-3: "Road Safety Week is an opportunity for us to recognise the preciousness of life and to make people understand what could be done to save our own life as well as the life of others.")
x. We should think about driving fast then our safety.
Answer: False (Paragraph 4, Line 2-3: "...the drunken drivers tend to drive in a rash and negligent way, often over speeding, risking their own lives as well as the lives of others." The text emphasizes safe, not fast, driving.)
(b) Use the following slogans in a chain-drill. (List of slogans)
G. Let's learn words:
(a) Solve the following cross-word puzzle and find thirteen words related to Road Safety.
Clues:
Down:
1. Coming and going of persons and vehicles. → TRAFFIC
4. We obey them. → RULES
6. A car driver uses it while driving. → STEERING (This is not in the puzzle grid, but 'DRIVING' is a possibility for 6 Down, but it's already used for 13 Down. Let's re-evaluate the grid based on the provided solution. The grid is tricky without the full solution. Let's assume the words are standard road safety terms and try to fit them.)
9. A colour indicating to 'proceed with caution'. → AMBER
12. People who control the traffic. → WARDEN (or POLICE)
13. A person who drives a vehicle. → DRIVER
Across:
2. A path on which we travel. → ROAD
3. Safeness → SAFETY
5. We wear it while riding bikes. → HELMET
7. A colour indicating to 'stop'. → RED
8. A colour indicating to 'go'. → GREEN
10. Every driver should have this certificate. → FITNESS
11. A person who goes from one place to another. → COMMUTER
Let's try to map these to the grid. The grid is very abstract with many X's. I will provide the words based on the clues, as the grid itself is not easily solvable without the exact placement of letters. The instruction is to "find thirteen words related to Road Safety". The clues provided are for 11 words. I will list 13 common road safety words.
Thirteen words related to Road Safety (based on clues and common terms):
1. TRAFFIC
2. ROAD
3. SAFETY
4. RULES
5. HELMET
6. DRIVER
7. RED
8. GREEN
9. AMBER
10. FITNESS
11. COMMUTER
12. PEDESTRIAN (from the text)
13. SEATBELT (from the text)
(b) Read and understand the symbols given in the following three charts and match the symbols under ‘A' with the instructions under ‘B' in the table below. Write the number of each symbol in the box provided for each instruction. One is done for you.
Matching Symbols to Instructions:
(Based on the image provided on page 10 of the PDF)
| A (Symbols) | B (Instructions) | Matched Symbol No. |
|---|---|---|
| (No Entry Sign) | no entry | 2 |
| (Speed Limit Sign) | speed limit | 3 |
| (Horn Prohibited Sign) | horn prohibited | 4 |
| (Overtaking Prohibited Sign) | overtaking prohibited | 5 |
| (School Ahead Sign) | school ahead | 6 |
| (Narrow Road Sign) | narrow road | 7 |
| (Parking Both Sides Sign) | parking both sides | 8 |
| (Pedestrian Crossing Sign) | pedestrian crossing | 9 |
| (One Way Sign) | one way | 10 |
| (Cycle Prohibited Sign) | cycle prohibited | 1 |
H. Let's learn language:
Study the following sentences and mark the highlighted words in bold letters.
1. The driver could not control the bus.
2. You must be careful while crossing the road.
3. We should obey the traffic rules to avoid accidents.
4. The traffic police have to wear uniform.
5. Everyone needs to be well aware of the traffic rules to avoid life risk.
All the highlighted words in the above sentences are 'Modal Auxiliaries' that are used with other verbs to express the mood of the speaker/ user.
The "modals" in English language are: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, have to, need to, dare, ought to.
Now fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate modals from brackets.
(will, shall, should, can, could, must)
1. This bus can take 45 passengers safely. (Ability)
2. Your driving licence has been approved. You will get it next week from the postman. (Prediction/Promise)
3. It is your fault. You should not drive the car so fast. (Obligation/Advice)
4. You must wear a helmet to save your life. (Strong obligation/Compulsion)
5. He must be punished if he does not give up his habit of taking alcohol. (Strong obligation/Compulsion)
6. Shall you drop me at the station? (Offering help/Suggestion)
7. My father suggests that we should be careful while crossing the road. (Suggestion/Advice)
I. Let's write:
(a) Read the following chart of 'Road Offences and Penalties' to write the answers to the questions given below.
ROAD OFFENCES AND PENALTIES
| Offences | Maximum penalty (in rupees) |
|---|---|
| Driving by minor | 500 |
| Driving without helmet | 100 |
| Dangerous or hasty driving | 1000 or imprisonment for six months |
| Driving without licence | 500 |
| Parking vehicles on footpath | 100 |
| Drunken driving | 2000 |
| Driving unsafe vehicles | Court challan |
| Using vehicles fitted with dark glasses / sun films | 100 |
| Using horn in silence zone | 100 |
| Parked on pedestrian crossing | 100 |
Questions:
(i) What is the punishment for driving by a minor?
Answer: The punishment for driving by a minor is a maximum penalty of 500 rupees.
(ii) What is the amount of the fine for driving without a helmet?
Answer: The amount of the fine for driving without a helmet is 100 rupees.
(iii) How much is a person punished for dangerous or hasty driving?
Answer: A person is punished for dangerous or hasty driving with a maximum penalty of 1000 rupees or imprisonment for six months.
(iv) How are the drunken drivers punished?
Answer: Drunken drivers are punished with a maximum penalty of 2000 rupees.
(v) What happens to a person if he drives a vehicle in unsafe condition?
Answer: If a person drives a vehicle in an unsafe condition, they will face a Court challan.
(vi) What is the fine amount for the vehicles fitted with dark glasses/ sun films?
Answer: The fine amount for vehicles fitted with dark glasses/ sun films is 100 rupees.
(vii) What will happen to you if you park your motorbike on the footpath?
Answer: If you park your motorbike on the footpath, you will be fined 100 rupees.
(b) Suppose you are Ashok Kumar, a reporter of 'The Indian Express' for your locality. Write a report on an accident you have witnessed, in about 100 words, following the outlines given below.
Outlines to fill:
Report:
Tragic Bus Accident Claims 12 Lives in Cuttack
By Ashok Kumar, Staff Reporter, The Indian Express
Cuttack, November 20: A horrific bus accident occurred today around 11:30 AM near Jagatpur bridge on the outskirts of Cuttack city, claiming 12 lives and injuring 49 others. The private bus, en route from Talcher, reportedly struck a buffalo on the bridge. In an attempt to save the animal, the driver swerved, causing the bus to crash through the railing and plunge 30 feet into the dry Mahanadi riverbed. Rescue operations were immediately launched, and the injured were rushed to Cuttack Medical College Hospital. The Government of Odisha has announced financial assistance for the victims' families and ordered an official inquiry into the tragic incident. The buffalo also died on the spot.
(c) Suppose you are Ashutosh studying in class-IX of R N High School, Odagoan. Your younger brother, Asmit is studying in Class-VII, U G M.E School, Adala in Nayagarh. Write a letter, in about 100 words, advising him to obey the road safety rules while riding his bicycle.
Letter:
R N High School, Odagoan
Nayagarh
November 25, 2023
My dear Asmit,
I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to you today about a very important matter – your safety on the road, especially when you ride your bicycle.
I know you love cycling, but it's crucial to always follow road safety rules. Always ride on the correct side of the road and use hand signals when turning. Be alert and aware of vehicles around you. Never use headphones or your mobile phone while cycling, as it can distract you. Always check your brakes and tires before you start. Your life is precious, and following these simple rules will keep you safe from accidents.
Take care and be safe.
With love,
Your brother,
Ashutosh
୪. ବୋର୍ଡ ପରୀକ୍ଷା ମାଷ୍ଟ୍ରି ଟିପ୍ସ ଓ ସାଧାରଣ ଭୁଲ୍ (Board Exam Tips & Pitfalls)
ବୋର୍ଡ ପରୀକ୍ଷା ମାଷ୍ଟ୍ରି ଟିପ୍ସ (Board Exam Mastery Tips):
୧. ପାଠ୍ୟପୁସ୍ତକର ଗଭୀର ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ (Deep Textbook Study): ଅଧ୍ୟାୟର ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ପାରାଗ୍ରାଫ୍, ବାକ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ଶବ୍ଦକୁ ଭଲ ଭାବରେ ପଢ଼ନ୍ତୁ ଓ ବୁଝନ୍ତୁ। ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସିଧାସଳଖ ପାଠ୍ୟପୁସ୍ତକରୁ ଆସିଥାଏ।
୨. ଶବ୍ଦକୋଷ ଓ ଗ୍ଲୋସାରୀ (Vocabulary and Glossary): ଅଧ୍ୟାୟରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ସମସ୍ତ ନୂତନ ଶବ୍ଦ (Notes and Glossary) ଏବଂ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଅର୍ଥକୁ ମନେ ରଖନ୍ତୁ। ଏହା ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ଦେବାରେ ଏବଂ ଲେଖିବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିବ।
୩. ପ୍ରଶ୍ନୋତ୍ତର ଅଭ୍ୟାସ (Practice Questions and Answers): ଅନୁଶୀଳନୀରେ ଥିବା ସମସ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ନିଜେ ଲେଖିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରନ୍ତୁ। ଏହା ଆପଣଙ୍କର ବୁଝାମଣା ଏବଂ ଲେଖିବା ଦକ୍ଷତାକୁ ବୃଦ୍ଧି କରିବ।
୪. ସାରାଂଶ ଓ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ (Summary and Main Points): ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ପାରାଗ୍ରାଫର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁକୁ ସାରାଂଶ ଆକାରରେ ଲେଖି ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରନ୍ତୁ। ଏହା ଦ୍ୱାରା ଆପଣଙ୍କର ଧାରଣା ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ହେବ।
୫. ବ୍ୟାକରଣ (Grammar - Modals, Word Formation): 'Let's learn language' ଏବଂ 'Let's learn words' ବିଭାଗରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ବ୍ୟାକରଣ ନିୟମ (ଯଥା: Modals, Word Formation, Collocations) ଉପରେ ବିଶେଷ ଧ୍ୟାନ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ। ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକର ବ୍ୟବହାରକୁ ଭଲ ଭାବରେ ବୁଝନ୍ତୁ।
୬. ରିପୋର୍ଟ ଓ ଚିଠି ଲେଖିବା (Report and Letter Writing): 'Let's write' ବିଭାଗରେ ଥିବା ରିପୋର୍ଟ ଏବଂ ଚିଠି ଲେଖିବାର ଫର୍ମାଟ୍ ଓ ଶୈଳୀକୁ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରନ୍ତୁ। ଏଥିରେ ସଠିକ୍ ତଥ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ଭାଷାର ବ୍ୟବହାର ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ।
୭. ଟ୍ରୁ/ଫଲ୍ସ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ (True/False Questions): True/False ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦେବା ସମୟରେ ପାଠ୍ୟପୁସ୍ତକର ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ପାରାଗ୍ରାଫ୍ ଓ ଧାଡ଼ିକୁ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ କରିବା ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରନ୍ତୁ, ଯାହା ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଉତ୍ତରକୁ ଅଧିକ ବିଶ୍ୱସନୀୟ କରିବ।
୮. ସମୟ ପରିଚାଳନା (Time Management): ପରୀକ୍ଷାରେ ସମସ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ଦେବା ପାଇଁ ସମୟ ପରିଚାଳନା ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରନ୍ତୁ। ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ପାଇଁ କେତେ ସମୟ ଦେବେ, ତାହା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଯୋଜନା କରନ୍ତୁ।
୯. ସ୍ୱଚ୍ଛ ଓ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଲେଖା (Neat and Clear Handwriting): ଉତ୍ତରଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସ୍ୱଚ୍ଛ ଓ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଭାବରେ ଲେଖନ୍ତୁ। ଭଲ ହାତଲେଖା ପରୀକ୍ଷକଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ସକାରାତ୍ମକ ପ୍ରଭାବ ପକାଇଥାଏ।
ସାଧାରଣ ଭୁଲ୍ (Common Pitfalls):
୧. ଅଧ୍ୟାୟକୁ ଅସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ପଢ଼ିବା (Incomplete Reading of the Chapter): ଅନେକ ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀ ଅଧ୍ୟାୟକୁ ଉପରଠାଉରିଆ ଭାବରେ ପଢ଼ନ୍ତି, ଯାହା ଦ୍ୱାରା ସେମାନେ ସୂକ୍ଷ୍ମ ତଥ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ହରାଇଥାନ୍ତି। ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ପାରାଗ୍ରାଫ୍ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ।
୨. ଶବ୍ଦକୋଷକୁ ଅଣଦେଖା କରିବା (Ignoring Vocabulary): Glossary ରେ ଥିବା ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ମନେ ନରଖିବା ଦ୍ୱାରା ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ବୁଝିବାରେ ଏବଂ ଉତ୍ତର ଲେଖିବାରେ ଅସୁବିଧା ହୁଏ।
୩. ବ୍ୟାକରଣଗତ ତ୍ରୁଟି (Grammatical Errors): Modals, Tenses, Prepositions, Spelling ଇତ୍ୟାଦିରେ ଭୁଲ୍ କରିବା ସାଧାରଣ କଥା। ନିୟମିତ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଏହାକୁ ସୁଧାରି ହେବ।
୪. ପ୍ରଶ୍ନକୁ ଭଲ ଭାବରେ ନବୁଝି ଉତ୍ତର ଦେବା (Answering Without Understanding the Question): ପ୍ରଶ୍ନକୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭାବରେ ନବୁଝି ଉତ୍ତର ଲେଖିବା ଦ୍ୱାରା ଅସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବା ଭୁଲ୍ ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଆଯାଇଥାଏ।
୫. ରିପୋର୍ଟ/ଚିଠିର ଫର୍ମାଟ୍ ଭୁଲ୍ କରିବା (Incorrect Report/Letter Format): ରିପୋର୍ଟ ବା ଚିଠି ଲେଖିବାର ସଠିକ୍ ଫର୍ମାଟ୍ ନଜାଣିବା ଦ୍ୱାରା ମାର୍କ କଟିଥାଏ।
୬. ସମସ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ନଦେବା (Not Attempting All Questions): ସମୟ ଅଭାବରୁ ବା ଅଜ୍ଞତା ହେତୁ କିଛି ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଛାଡ଼ିଦେବା। ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର କିଛି ନା କିଛି ଉତ୍ତର ଲେଖିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରନ୍ତୁ।
୭. ନିଜର ଭାଷାରେ ଲେଖିବା ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତେ ମନେ ରଖିଥିବା ଉତ୍ତର ଲେଖିବା (Rote Learning Instead of Understanding): କେବଳ ମନେ ରଖିଥିବା ଉତ୍ତର ଲେଖିବା ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତେ ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁକୁ ବୁଝି ନିଜ ଭାଷାରେ ଲେଖିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରନ୍ତୁ। ଏହା ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଅଧିକ ମାର୍କ ଦେବ।
୮. ଅନୁଶୀଳନୀ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ନକରିବା (Not Practicing Exercise Questions): ପାଠ୍ୟପୁସ୍ତକ ଅନୁଶୀଳନୀରେ ଥିବା ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପରୀକ୍ଷା ପାଇଁ ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ। ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ନକରିବା ଏକ ବଡ଼ ଭୁଲ୍।
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(ନୋଟ୍ସ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି: ଉତ୍କଳ ସ୍କିଲ୍ ସେଣ୍ଟର - BSE Odisha 100% Full Textbook Master Edition)
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