BSE ODISHA CLASS 9 • UTKAL MASTER STROKE

ବୋର୍ଡ ଅଫ୍ ସେକେଣ୍ଡାରୀ ଏଜୁକେସନ୍ (BSE Odisha) — ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଅଧ୍ୟାୟ ମାଷ୍ଟର ନୋଟ୍ସ

ଶ୍ରେଣୀ: Class 9 | ବିଷୟ: English

ଅଧ୍ୟାୟ: Class9 Eng Ch04 Missile Man of India

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୧. ଅଧ୍ୟାୟର ସାରାଂଶ ଓ ମାଇଣ୍ଡ ମ୍ୟାପ୍ (Mind Map & Conceptual Architecture)

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Chapter Summary:

This chapter, "The Missile Man of India," is a biographical account of Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, one of India's most distinguished scientists and its 11th President. The text traces his journey from a humble beginning in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, to becoming a pivotal figure in India's space and missile programs, and eventually, the "People's President."

Kalam was born on October 15, 1931, into a Tamil Muslim family. Despite his ancestors being wealthy traders, his family faced financial hardship during his childhood, forcing him to sell newspapers to support his family. His elementary education at Ramanathpuram was marked by the inspiring guidance of his science teacher, Sivasubramania Iyer, who encouraged him to excel. An incident where Iyer's wife initially refused to serve Kalam due to religious prejudice but later changed her attitude, highlights the teacher's progressive values.

Kalam pursued secondary education at Schwartz Higher Secondary School and graduated in Physics from Saint Joseph's College. His dream was to become a pilot, which led him to study aerospace engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology. His elder sister, Asim Zohra, mortgaged her gold ornaments to fund his education, a testament to his family's support.

His illustrious career began as a trainee at Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), followed by a stint as a scientist at the Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO). His significant contributions came during his time at the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) from 1969, where he served as Project Director for India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III), successfully launching the Rohini satellite in 1980.

After 19 years at ISRO, he returned to DRDO to head the Integrated Missile Development Programme (IGMDP), leading the development of India's iconic missiles: Prithvi, Trishul, Akash, and Nag. This success earned him the moniker "The Missile Man of India." In 1998, as DRDO chief, he supervised the Pokhran-II nuclear tests, which he described as a "defining moment" for the nation.

Dr. Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and Secretary of DRDO from 1992 to 1999. For his immense contributions, he was honored with India's highest civilian awards: Padma Bhushan (1981), Padma Vibhushan (1990), and the Bharat Ratna (1997). In 2002, he was elected as the 11th President of India, widely known as the "People's President."

He passed away on July 27, 2015, in Shillong, due to a massive cardiac arrest while delivering a lecture. Dr. Kalam is remembered for his dedication, devotion, and selfless service to the nation, leaving behind a legacy of scientific excellence and inspirational leadership.

Conceptual Architecture / Mind Map:

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Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

(The Missile Man of India)

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୧. Early Life & Education ୨. Career & Contributions ୩. Recognition & Legacy

├── Born: Rameswaram, 15 Oct 1931 ├── HAL Trainee (Bangalore) ├── Awards:

├── Humble Family (Boat owner, Imam) ├── DRDO Scientist | ├── Padma Bhushan (1981)

├── Financial Hardship (Sold newspapers) ├── ISRO (1969-1988): | ├── Padma Vibhushan (1990)

├── Inspiring Teacher: Sivasubramania Iyer| ├── Project Director, SLV-III | └── Bharat Ratna (1997)

├── Elementary: Ramanathpuram | └── Launched Rohini Satellite (1980)├── 11th President of India (2002)

├── Secondary: Schwartz School ├── DRDO (Post-ISRO): | └── "People's President"

├── Graduation: Physics (St. Joseph's) | ├── Head, IGMDP ├── Demise: 27 July 2015, Shillong

├── Dream: Pilot | └── Developed Prithvi, Trishul, | └── Cardiac arrest during lecture

├── Aerospace Engg: MIT (Sister's help) | Akash, Nag Missiles ├── Legacy: Dedication, Devotion,

| ├── Chief, DRDO (1998): | Selfless Service

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୨. ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ, ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ ଓ ଗାଣିତିକ ସୂତ୍ରାବଳୀ (Comprehensive Theory & Formulas)

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This section provides a detailed analysis of the chapter's content, focusing on key themes, character insights, and important vocabulary.

2.1 Introduction to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam:

Full Name: Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam.

Titles: "The Missile Man of India" (for his work in missile development) and "People's President" (for his approachable nature and dedication to public service).

Role: One of India's most distinguished scientists, deeply involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007.

2.2 Early Life and Background:

Birth: Born on October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.

Family: A Tamil Muslim family.

Father: Jainulabdeen, a boat owner and the Imam of a local mosque. He also owned a ferry that transported Hindu pilgrims.

Mother: Ashiamma, a housewife.

Siblings: Youngest of four brothers and one sister.

Ancestral History: His ancestors were once wealthy traders and landowners, but the family fell on hard times, losing their properties and ancestral home by Kalam's early childhood.

Financial Hardship: Due to poverty, Kalam had to sell newspapers to supplement his family's income.

2.3 Education and Influences:

Elementary Education: Started at Ramanathpuram.

Science Teacher: Sivasubramania Iyer, who was very loving and affectionate. He inspired Kalam to develop his skills to compete with highly educated people.

Incident with Teacher's Wife: Iyer invited Kalam for a meal, but his wife, prejudiced against a Muslim child, refused to serve him. Iyer himself served Kalam. The teacher's behavior and Kalam's dignified conduct eventually changed her attitude, and she welcomed him for a second meal. This incident highlights the triumph of human values over prejudice.

Secondary Education: Schwartz Higher Secondary School. He had average grades but was bright, hardworking, and had a strong desire to learn, especially in mathematics.

Higher Education:

Graduated in Physics from Saint Joseph's College, Tiruchirirappalli, in 1954.

Dream: To become a pilot.

Aerospace Engineering: Applied for engineering at Madras Institute of Technology.

Financial Challenge: Admission was expensive (around a thousand rupees).

Sister's Sacrifice: His elder sister, Asim Zohra, mortgaged her gold ornaments to pay for his admission fee, enabling him to complete his aerospace engineering in 1960.

2.4 Career Milestones:

Early Career:

Trainee at Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in Bangalore.

Joined Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO) as a scientist.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) (1969-1988):

Transferred to ISRO in 1969.

Project Director: Led India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) project.

Achievement: Under his guidance, the first Rohini satellite was successfully launched into orbit in 1980.

Return to DRDO and Missile Development:

After 19 years in ISRO, he returned to DRDO.

Head of IGMDP: Led the Integrated Missile Development Programme.

Missiles Developed: Prithvi, Trishul, Akash, and Nag.

Title: Became popularly known as "The Missile Man of India" due to the success of this program.

Pokhran-II Nuclear Tests (1998):

As Chief of DRDO, he supervised these nuclear tests in Rajasthan's Thar Desert.

Significance: He called it a "defining moment" in India's history, marking the emergence of India's nuclear era.

Chief Scientific Adviser: Appointed Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and Secretary of DRDO from July 1992 to December 1999.

Presidency: Elected as the 11th President of India in 2002.

2.5 Awards and Honours:

Padma Bhushan: 1981

Padma Vibhushan: 1990

Bharat Ratna: 1997 (India's highest civilian honour)

2.6 Demise and Legacy:

Date of Death: July 27, 2015.

Circumstances: Collapsed due to a massive cardiac arrest while delivering a lecture in Shillong.

Memory: Remembered for his dedication, devotion, and selfless service to the nation, particularly as "The Missile Man of India" and "People's President."

2.7 Key Vocabulary and Glossary (from the textbook, with additional context):

distinguished: very successful and admired by people. (e.g., Dr. Kalam was a distinguished scientist.)

intimately: closely. (e.g., He was intimately involved in the space program.)

involved: concerned, taking part.

civilian: not related to armed force. (e.g., India's civilian space program.)

space: empty area in the sky; also, the region beyond Earth's atmosphere.

missile: a weapon that is sent through the air and that explodes when it hits the thing it is aimed at.

widely referred to: popularly known/described.

Rameswaram: a town on the Pamban Island in Tamil Nadu, known for Ramanathaswamy Temple.

Imam: a religious man who leads the prayer in a mosque.

mosque: a building in which Muslims worship.

ferry: a boat that carries people.

pilgrim: a person who travels to a holy place for religious reasons.

Dhanushkodi: an abandoned town in Tamil Nadu, destroyed by a 1964 cyclone.

ancestor: a person in a family who lived a long time ago.

ancestral: belonging to people older than grandparents.

trader: a person who buys and sells things as a job.

in course of time: over a period of time.

supplement: to add something to something to improve. (e.g., selling newspapers to supplement income.)

elementary education: primary education.

affectionate: loving.

inspire: to give somebody the desire to do something well.

refuse: to say 'no' / deny.

serve: to give food.

attitude: the way you think and feel about something/somebody.

desire: strong wish.

graduated: got the first degree from a university.

prestigious: respected and admired.

expensive affair: anything that causes a lot of money to be spent.

compassionate: kindhearted / sympathetic.

mortgage: to put/give some goods or property to someone for lending money.

aerospace engineering: study (engineering) of the development of aircraft and spacecraft.

launch: to start an activity.

satellite: an object in space used for communication.

Rohini: name given to a series of satellites launched by ISRO (four satellites, three successful).

extremely: to a very high degree.

Pokhran: a city and municipality in Jaisalmer district, Rajasthan, served as the test site for India's underground nuclear explosion.

camped: stayed in a tent/a temporary building for a certain purpose.

desert: a large area of land with very little water and few plants.

hugely: very much.

defining moment: an important point in time at which something happens.

recollected: remembered something.

era: an important period of time in history.

emerged: came out.

contribution: service.

eminent: very famous/noted.

honoured: respected (officially).

collapsed: became senseless because of illness.

massive: very serious.

cardiac arrest: when someone's heart stops temporarily or permanently.

dedication: the hard work that somebody puts into a purpose with importance.

devotion: great love and care.

selfless: thinking more about the needs and happiness of others than one's own.

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୩. ପାଠ୍ୟପୁସ୍ତକ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନାବଳୀର ୧୦୦% ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ସମାଧାନ (100% Complete Solved Exercises)

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Let's understand the text:

Q1. Who was Dr APJ Abdul Kalam?

Ans: Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was one of India's most distinguished scientists and the 11th President of India. He was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts.

Q2. Why is Dr Kalam known as "The Missile Man of India"?

Ans: Dr. Kalam is known as "The Missile Man of India" because he took a leading role in the development of India's missiles and nuclear weapons programme, which led to the successful development of four missiles: Prithvi, Trishul, Akash, and Nag.

Q3. Where was he born? When?

Ans: He was born at Rameswaram in the state of Tamil Nadu on 15th October 1931.

Q4. Who were his family members?

Ans: His family members included his father Jainulabdeen, his mother Ashiamma, four elder brothers, and one elder sister.

Q5. Who were his father and mother?

Ans: His father was Jainulabdeen and his mother was Ashiamma.

Q6. What was his mother?

Ans: His mother Ashiamma was a housewife.

Q7. How did his father earn his living?

Ans: His father Jainulabdeen was a boat owner and the Imam of a local mosque. He also owned a ferry that took Hindu pilgrims back and forth between Rameswaram and Dhanushkodi.

Q8. Were Kalam's ancestors rich or poor? How do you know it?

Ans: Kalam's ancestors had been wealthy traders and landowners. We know this because the text states, "But in course of time the family fell on hard times and lost their properties, even their ancestral home. By his early childhood, the family had already become poor."

Q9. How did he add to his family?

Ans: Kalam had to sell newspapers to supplement his family's income.

Q10. What is the third paragraph about?

Ans: The third paragraph is about Kalam's elementary education, his inspiring science teacher Sivasubramania Iyer, and an incident involving the teacher's wife that changed her attitude towards Kalam.

Q11. Where did he get his primary education?

Ans: He got his elementary education at Ramanathpuram.

Q12. Who was his science teacher?

Ans: His science teacher was Sivasubramania Iyer.

Q13. What was he like?

Ans: His science teacher Sivasubramania Iyer was very loving and affectionate. He always inspired Kalam to develop his skills.

Q14. What did he invite Kalam for?

Ans: He invited Kalam home for a meal.

Q15. How did his wife react to it?

Ans: His wife disliked it and refused to serve a Muslim child like him.

Q16. What changed her attitude?

Ans: The way Kalam took the meal and cleaned the floor, and his teacher's progressive behavior, changed her attitude.

Q17. How did she behave him later?

Ans: When the teacher invited Kalam for the second time, his wife welcomed him and served him food herself.

Q18. Who does ‘He’ in the third sentence of para-3 refer to?

Ans: 'He' in the third sentence of paragraph 3 refers to Kalam's science teacher, Sivasubramania Iyer.

Q19. The fourth paragraph is about his

A. elementary education

B. higher education

C. secondary education

D. family

(Say the correct answer.)

Ans: The correct answer is C. secondary education. (It also covers his graduation in Physics and the start of his engineering education, which falls under higher education, but the initial focus is on his move to Schwartz Higher Secondary School). More accurately, it covers both secondary and higher education. Given the options, 'higher education' (B) is also very relevant as it discusses his graduation and engineering studies. However, the paragraph starts with his move to Schwartz Higher Secondary School. Let's re-evaluate. The paragraph covers Schwartz Higher Secondary School (secondary education), Saint Joseph's College (graduation in Physics), and Madras Institute of Technology (aerospace engineering). So, it's about both secondary and higher education. If only one option can be chosen, 'higher education' (B) is more encompassing of the latter part of the paragraph. But the question asks what the fourth paragraph is about. It starts with secondary education and moves to higher education. Let's pick the most comprehensive one. The options are not mutually exclusive in the paragraph. However, if forced to choose one, 'higher education' covers the most significant part of his academic journey described there. Let's consider the flow: "moved to Schwartz Higher Secondary School for his secondary education... After completing his studies here, Kalam was admitted to Saint Joseph's College... applied for studying engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology." So, it's a progression. Let's choose B. higher education as it covers the most advanced part of his studies mentioned.

Q20. Was he good at studies at the high school? Read out the sentence in support of your answer.

Ans: Yes, he was good at studies at high school. The sentence in support is: "In his school years, he had average grades but was considered a bright and hardworking student, who had a strong desire to learn. He spent hours on his studies, especially mathematics."

Q21. What was Kalam's dream in life?

Ans: Kalam's dream in life was to become a pilot.

Q22. What did he do to fulfil his dream in life?

Ans: To fulfil his dream, he applied for studying engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology to pursue aerospace engineering.

Q23. Do you have any dream? How can you fulfil your dream in your life?

Ans: (This is a personal question, a sample answer is provided) Yes, I have a dream to become a successful software engineer. I can fulfil my dream by studying hard, focusing on computer science and mathematics, participating in coding competitions, and continuously learning new technologies.

Q24. What problem did he face for his admission into engineering?

Ans: He faced a financial problem for his admission into engineering, as it was an expensive affair requiring around a thousand rupees for the course fee.

Q25. Who came to his help? How?

Ans: His compassionate elder sister, Asim Zohra, came to his help. She mortgaged her gold ornaments to pay for his admission fee.

Q26. When did he complete his aerospace engineering?

Ans: He completed his aerospace engineering in 1960.

Q27. Name the institution where he got -

(a) Secondary Education : Schwartz Higher Secondary School

(b) Graduation in Physics : Saint Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli

(c) Aerospace Engineering : Madras Institute of Technology

Q28. The paragraphs-5 and 6 describe Dr. Kalam's career as

a marine engineer

a plant scientist

an aerospace scientist

a software engineer

Ans: The paragraphs 5 and 6 describe Dr. Kalam's career as an aerospace scientist.

Q29. How did he begin his career?

Ans: He began his career as a trainee at the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in Bangalore.

Q30. Where was he appointed as a scientist first?

Ans: He was appointed as a scientist first at the Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO).

Q31. When did he start his work in the Indian Space Research Organisation?

Ans: He started his work in the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 1969.

Q32. What was the purpose of the satellite?

Ans: The purpose of the SLV (Satellite Launch Vehicle) was to develop the technology to launch satellites.

Q33. When was the first Rohini satellite launched into the orbit?

Ans: The first Rohini satellite was successfully launched into orbit in 1980.

Q34. How many years did Kalam spend in the ISRO?

Ans: Kalam spent nineteen fruitful years in the ISRO.

Q35. Where did he take the leading role in the development of India's missiles and nuclear weapons programme?

Ans: He took the leading role in the development of India's missiles and nuclear weapons programme at the DRDO, where he headed the Integrated Missile Development Programme (IGMDP).

Q36. What made him extremely popular in the country?

Ans: The success of the Integrated Missile Development Programme, which led to the development of four missiles (Prithvi, Trishul, Akash, and Nag), made him extremely popular in the country.

Q37. What was he called after the success of the four missiles – Prithvi, Trishul, Akash and Nag?

Ans: He was popularly called "The Missile Man of India."

Q38. Why did he camp in Rajasthan's Thar Desert?

Ans: He camped in Rajasthan's Thar Desert to supervise the Pokhran-II nuclear tests as the chief of the DRDO.

Q39. What, according to Dr Kalam, was the “defining moment” in the history of our country"?

Ans: According to Dr. Kalam, the Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998 were a "defining moment" in the history of our country.

Q40. Why was it very hard to camp in Rajasthan's Thar Desert?

Ans: It was very hard to camp in Rajasthan's Thar Desert because of the extreme heat, with temperatures reaching 53°C in 1998.

Q41. What are Kalam's contributions for India's defence programme?

Ans: Kalam's contributions to India's defence programme include leading the Integrated Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) which developed missiles like Prithvi, Trishul, Akash, and Nag, and supervising the Pokhran-II nuclear tests.

Q42. Dr. Kalam was the Chief Scientific Advisor to ________ of India.

i. the President

ii. the Prime Minister

iii. the Field Marshal

iv. the Secretary of Defence

(Choose the correct answer.)

Ans: The correct answer is ii. the Prime Minister. (He was also Secretary of Defence Research and Development Organisation, but the question specifically asks for "Chief Scientific Advisor to ____ of India.")

Q43. What awards and honours was Kalam honoured with?

Ans: Kalam was honoured with the Padma Bhushan in 1981, the Padma Vibhushan in 1990, and the Bharat Ratna in 1997.

Q44. What is the highest civilian award of our country?

Ans: The highest civilian award of our country is the Bharat Ratna.

Q45. How did Kalam pass away?

Ans: Kalam passed away on July 27, 2015, due to a massive cardiac arrest while delivering a lecture in Shillong.

Q46. Why will people of our country remember Kalam forever?

Ans: People of our country will remember Kalam forever for his dedication, devotion, and selfless service to the nation, and for his immense contributions as "The Missile Man of India" and "People's President."

Q47. What qualities of Dr Kalam do you like very much?

Ans: (Personal answer, sample provided) I admire Dr. Kalam's humility, his strong desire to learn, his dedication to science and nation-building, his resilience in overcoming poverty, and his inspiring leadership as the "People's President."

Q48. Can you say the names of some eminent scientists who have contributed a lot to our country?

Ans: (Sample answer) Yes, some other eminent scientists who have contributed a lot to our country include Sir C.V. Raman, Homi J. Bhabha, Vikram Sarabhai, S. Chandrashekar, and Jagadish Chandra Bose.

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Let's understand the text (a): Match the paragraph numbers under column-'A' with their main ideas given under column- 'B'. Write the paragraph number in the box given against each idea.

Corrected Matching:

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Let's understand the text (b): Fill in the blanks choosing the right answers from brackets.

[elementary education, his science teacher, the People's President, his family income, Chief Scientific Advisor, The Bharat Ratna, development of four missiles, Integrated Missile Development Programme]

(i) Dr APJ Abdul Kalam is popularly known as the People's President.

(ii) Kalam had to sell newspapers to supplement his family income.

(iii) Kalam started his elementary education at Ramanathpuram.

(iv) Kalam's most favourite teacher was his science teacher.

(v) Dr Kalam was popularly called “The Missile Man of India' after the success of the development of four missiles.

(vi) The successful launch of the missiles was possible when Kalam was heading the Integrated Missile Development Programme.

(vii) Dr APJ Abdul Kalam was honoured the nation's highest honour, The Bharat Ratna in 1997.

(viii) Dr Kalam was the Chief Scientific Advisor to the Prime Minister and the Secretary of Defence Research and Development Organisation.

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Let's understand the text (c): Read the text and find out the situations:

i. when Kalam faced challenges on his way to achievements-

His family became poor, and he had to sell newspapers to supplement income. (Para 2)

His teacher's wife initially refused to serve him food due to religious prejudice. (Para 3)

He had average grades in secondary school, but worked hard. (Para 4)

Admission to aerospace engineering was an expensive affair, requiring his sister to mortgage her gold ornaments. (Para 4)

Camping in Rajasthan's Thar Desert for Pokhran-II tests was very hard due to extreme heat (53°C). (Para 7)

ii. when Kalam felt happy-

When his science teacher Sivasubramania Iyer inspired him and invited him for a meal. (Para 3)

When his teacher's wife changed her attitude and served him food herself the second time. (Para 3)

When he completed his aerospace engineering in 1960. (Para 4)

When the first Rohini satellite was successfully launched into orbit under his guidance in 1980. (Para 5)

When the Integrated Missile Development Programme was very successful, leading to the development of four missiles. (Para 6)

When the Pokhran-II nuclear tests were hugely successful, which he called a "defining moment." (Para 7)

When he was honoured with Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan, and Bharat Ratna. (Para 8)

When he was elected as the 11th President of India. (Para 1)

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Let's talk (a): Listen to each of the following expressions and say the line(s) and paragraph number in which it occurs.

Kalam as the 11th President of India: "In 2002, he was elected as the 11th President of India, and was widely referred to as the 'People's President'." (Para 1)

Date and place of birth of Kalam: "Dr Abdul Kalam was born on 15th October 1931 in a Tamil Muslim family at Rameswaram in the state of Tamil Nadu." (Para 2)

Kalam's elementary education: "Kalam started his elementary education at Ramanathpuram." (Para 3)

The Schwartz Higher Secondary School: "Kalam then moved to the Schwartz Higher Secondary School for his secondary education." (Para 4)

He graduated in Physics: "After completing his studies here, Kalam was admitted to Saint Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli where he graduated in physics in 1954." (Para 4)

Zohra, his sister helped Kalam for his education: "Asim Zohra, his compassionate elder sister, came to his help. She mortgaged her gold ornaments for his admission fee." (Para 4)

He completed aerospace engineering in 1960: "And he completed his aerospace engineering in 1960." (Para 4)

Joined DRDO: "Then he joined the Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO) as a scientist." (Para 5)

Kalam succeeded in launching the first satellite, Rohini: "It was under Dr Kalam's direct guidance and supervision that the first Rohini satellite was successfully launched into the orbit in 1980." (Para 5)

Successful launch of the missiles: "The programme was very successful; it led to the development of four missiles namely Prithvi, Trishul, Akash and Nag." (Para 6)

Chief Scientific Advisor to the Prime Minister of India: "Dr Kalam was appointed as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and the Secretary of Defence Research and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999." (Para 8)

Pokhran-II test of nuclear test project: "In 1998, as the chief of the DRDO, Dr Kalam supervised the Pokhran-II nuclear tests..." (Para 7)

Honoured with the Padma Bhushan, the Padma Vibhushan and the Bharat Ratna: "...this eminent scientist was honoured with the Padma Bhushan in 1981, the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 and the nation's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna in 1997 by the Government of India." (Para 8)

Died on July 27, 2015: "It was 27th July 2015. Dr Kalam was delivering a lecture in Shillong. During the course of his lecture, he collapsed." (Para 9)

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Let's talk (b): Say the full forms of the following acronyms/ abbreviations in a chain-drill (one after another).

(i) HAL: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

(ii) DRDO: Defence Research Development Organisation

(iii) ISRO: Indian Space Research Organisation

(iv) SLV: Satellite Launch Vehicle

(v) IGMDP: Integrated Missile Development Programme

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Let's learn words (a): Match the words under 'A' with their opposite meanings under 'B'. One is done to help you.

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Let's learn words (b): Match the words/phrases under ‘A' with their meanings under 'B'. Write the number of the word in the box for each.

Corrected Matching:

Self-correction: The box numbers in the original table were incorrect for the given meanings. I have corrected them to reflect the correct match.

Corrected Table with Box Numbers:

Self-correction 2: There are duplicate box numbers (1 and 5). Let's re-match carefully.

Final Corrected Matching:

The textbook has an error in the provided example, as 'distinguished' and 'defining moment' both map to 'important time' or 'very successful and admired by people' based on the options. Let's use the glossary provided in the textbook for precise matching.

From Textbook Glossary:

distinguished: very successful and admired by people

widely referred to: popularly known /described (which is similar to 'most popular (known as)')

supplement: to add something to something to improve

compassionate: kindhearted / sympathetic

launch: to start an activity

defining moment: an important point in time at which something happens

collapsed: became senseless because of illness

missile: a weapon that is sent through the air and that explodes when it hits the thing it is aimed at

Re-matching based on textbook glossary and provided options:

| 6. defining moment| important time | 1 | <-- This is the issue. 'important time' is for 'defining moment'.

Let's assume the meaning "important time" is only for "defining moment" and "very successful and admired by people" is only for "distinguished".

Final Corrected Matching (assuming unique matches):

This is still problematic as the options for meanings are limited and some words have similar connotations. Let's use the exact matches from the glossary where possible and assign the remaining based on best fit.

Revised Final Corrected Matching (Strictly based on glossary and best fit for unique boxes):

The provided solution in the image for (b) has the box numbers filled. Let's follow that exactly.

The image shows:

1. distinguished -> very successful and admired by people (Box 7)

2. referred to -> most popular (known as) (Box 6)

3. supplement -> to add to something to improve it (Box 8)

4. compassionate -> kindhearted (Box 2)

5. launch -> to start an activity (Box 4)

6. defining moment -> important time (Box 1)

7. collapsed -> became senseless because of illness (Box 3)

8. missile -> an weapon sent through the air that explodes when it hits a target (Box 5)

This is the exact mapping from the textbook's image. I will reproduce this.

Still seeing issues with the provided image's box numbers. Let me re-read the instruction: "Write the number of the word in the box for each." This means the box should contain the number from column A. So, if "very successful and admired by people" is the meaning for "distinguished", then the box next to "very successful and admired by people" should contain '1'.

Final Corrected Matching (as per instruction "Write the number of the word in the box for each.")

This is the correct interpretation of the instruction and the provided solution in the image.

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Let's learn language (c): Read the following sentence and mark the word in bold letters.

His mother, Ashiamma was a housewife.

Here the word- housewife in the above sentence is built with two words : house + wife. This is a compound word.

(i) Given below are some compound words. Break them as done above.

landowner = land + owner

weekend = week + end

milestone = mile + stone

headline = head + line

newspaper = news + paper

overtime = over + time

childhood = child + hood

(ii) Will you write ten more compound words on your own?

Ans: Yes, here are ten more compound words:

1. Blackboard = black + board

2. Sunrise = sun + rise

3. Moonlight = moon + light

4. Toothbrush = tooth + brush

5. Homework = home + work

6. Raincoat = rain + coat

7. Bedroom = bed + room

8. Firefly = fire + fly

9. Airport = air + port

10. Waterfall = water + fall

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Let's learn language (a): Study the following sentence and mark the words in bold letters.

Dr APJ Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931.

We use the past form of the 'be' verb – was/were + born (the third form of the verb 'bear') to talk about the event of birth of a person.

Wok in pairs, discuss and fill in the blanks in the table. Then write the sentence below the table. One is done for you.

Sentences:

1. Jagadish Chandra Bose was born at Mymensingh in Bengal on 30 November 1858.

2. Mahatma Gandhi was born at Porbandar, Gujarat on 2 October 1869.

3. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was born at Tiruttani, Tamil Nadu on 5 September 1888.

4. Gopabandhu Dash was born at Suando, Puri, Odisha on 9 October 1877.

5. Madhusudan Das was born at Satyabhamapur, Cuttack, Odisha on 28 April 1848.

6. Biju Patnaik was born at Cuttack, Odisha on 5 March 1916.

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Let's learn language (b): Read the following sentences carefully and mark the verbs in bold letters.

1. Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family.

2. Mathematics was his favourite subject.

3. Around a thousand rupees was required to pay towards the course fee.

4. Bundles of newspapers were distributed by Kalam.

Fill in the blanks with the correct verb choosing from brackets given against each.

(i) Gymnastics is sport . (is/are)

(ii) Social Studies is my favourite subject.(is/are)

(iii) Politics is here and now. (is/are)

(iv) The news has been published in the local daily. (has/have)

(v) The police control the traffic.( control / controls)

(vi) A hundred kilometres is a long distance.( is/are)

(vii) Measles causes fever. (cause / causes)

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Let's write (b): Given below are some important events from the text. They are not in order. Arrange them in order and put the serial number in the box for each. Write the sentences.

Original Order:

(i) He graduated in Physics from Saint Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli.

(ii) He played a pivotal role in the Pokharan-II nuclear test project.

(iii) Abdul Kalam was born to a Tamil Muslim family in the piligrimage centre of Ramaeswaram.

(iv) He got his elementary education at Ramanathpuram.

(v) He went to Sehwartz Higher Secondary School for his secondary education.

(vi) He became the Head of the Integrated Missile Development Programme and succeeded in launching Prithvi missile.

(vii) He breathed his last on July 27, 2015.

(viii) He became the Chief Scientific Advisor to the Prime Minister of India in 1992.

Correct Chronological Order and Sentences:

1. (iii) Abdul Kalam was born to a Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram.

2. (iv) He got his elementary education at Ramanathpuram.

3. (v) He went to Schwartz Higher Secondary School for his secondary education.

4. (i) He graduated in Physics from Saint Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli.

5. (viii) He became the Chief Scientific Advisor to the Prime Minister of India in 1992.

6. (vi) He became the Head of the Integrated Missile Development Programme and succeeded in launching Prithvi missile.

7. (ii) He played a pivotal role in the Pokhran-II nuclear test project.

8. (vii) He breathed his last on July 27, 2015.

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Let's write (b): Read the text and fill in the bio-data of Dr Kalam given below.

BIO-DATA

Name in full: Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam

Father's name: Jainulabdeen

Mother's name: Ashiamma

Place of birth: Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu

Date of birth: 15th October 1931

Brothers and sisters: Four brothers and one sister

Nationality: Indian

Religion: Muslim

Education: Elementary education at Ramanathpuram, Secondary education at Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Graduation in Physics from Saint Joseph's College, Aerospace Engineering from Madras Institute of Technology.

Profession: Scientist, Engineer, Educator, Author, President.

Important post held: Project Director (SLV-III at ISRO), Head (Integrated Missile Development Programme at DRDO), Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister, Secretary (DRDO), 11th President of India.

Achievements: Successful launch of Rohini satellite, development of Prithvi, Trishul, Akash, Nag missiles, supervision of Pokhran-II nuclear tests.

Awards/honours: Padma Bhushan (1981), Padma Vibhushan (1990), Bharat Ratna (1997).

Life style: Simple, dedicated, devoted, selfless.

Date of passing away: 27th July 2015

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Let's write (c): Use the facts/ information you gathered in the Bio-data Form above and write a composition on Dr Kalam.

Composition on Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam

Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, affectionately known as the "Missile Man of India" and the "People's President," was an extraordinary figure whose life journey from humble beginnings to the highest office in India is a source of immense inspiration. Born on October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, to Jainulabdeen, a boat owner and Imam, and Ashiamma, a housewife, Kalam's early life was marked by financial hardship. Despite his ancestors being wealthy traders, his family became poor, and young Kalam had to sell newspapers to support them.

His elementary education at Ramanathpuram was profoundly influenced by his science teacher, Sivasubramania Iyer, who instilled in him the ambition to excel. After completing secondary education at Schwartz Higher Secondary School and graduating in Physics from Saint Joseph's College, Kalam pursued his dream of becoming a pilot by studying Aerospace Engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology. This was made possible by the selfless act of his elder sister, Asim Zohra, who mortgaged her gold ornaments for his fees.

Kalam's illustrious career began as a trainee at HAL, followed by a significant tenure at ISRO from 1969, where as Project Director, he spearheaded the successful launch of India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) carrying the Rohini satellite in 1980. His return to DRDO saw him head the Integrated Missile Development Programme (IGMDP), leading to the creation of indigenous missiles like Prithvi, Trishul, Akash, and Nag, earning him the famous epithet "Missile Man." In 1998, as DRDO chief, he supervised the Pokhran-II nuclear tests, a defining moment for India's strategic capabilities.

For his unparalleled contributions to space, defence, and nuclear technology, Dr. Kalam was bestowed with India's highest civilian honours: the Padma Bhushan (1981), Padma Vibhushan (1990), and the Bharat Ratna (1997). His dedication culminated in his election as the 11th President of India in 2002, a role he fulfilled with grace and a deep connection to the common people. Dr. Kalam passed away on July 27, 2015, in Shillong, while delivering a lecture, leaving behind a legacy of scientific excellence, unwavering patriotism, and a vision for a developed India. His life remains a beacon of dedication, devotion, and selfless service.

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Let's write (d): Refer to the text and fill in the blanks in the following table with correct information wherever possible. Then write a paragraph about the events / achievements of Dr APJ Abdul Kalam.

Paragraph about the events/achievements of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam:

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam's life was a series of remarkable events and achievements that significantly shaped India's scientific and political landscape. Born in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, on October 15, 1931, he completed his aerospace engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology in 1960. His career began as a trainee at HAL before he joined DRDO as a scientist. A pivotal moment was his transfer to ISRO in 1969, where he became the Project Director for the SLV-III, successfully launching the Rohini satellite in 1980. After 19 fruitful years at ISRO, he returned to DRDO to head the Integrated Missile Development Programme (IGMDP), leading to the development of India's indigenous missiles. In 1998, as the chief of DRDO, he supervised the Pokhran-II nuclear tests in the Thar Desert, a defining moment for the nation. His contributions were recognized with the Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan, and the Bharat Ratna. In 2002, he became the 11th President of India, serving as the "People's President" until his demise on July 27, 2015, in Shillong.

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Let's write (e): Write answers to the comprehension questions from qn. no.1 – 48.

Ans: The answers to comprehension questions 1-48 have been provided in detail under the section "୩. ପାଠ୍ୟପୁସ୍ତକ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନାବଳୀର ୧୦୦% ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ସମାଧାନ (100% Complete Solved Exercises)" above.

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୪. ବୋର୍ଡ ପରୀକ୍ଷା ମାଷ୍ଟ୍ରି ଟିପ୍ସ ଓ ସାଧାରଣ ଭୁଲ୍ (Board Exam Tips & Pitfalls)

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Board Exam Mastery Tips:

1. Thorough Reading: Read the chapter multiple times to grasp all details, including names, dates, places, and the sequence of events. This is crucial for biographical chapters.

2. Vocabulary Building: Pay close attention to the 'Notes and Glossary' section. Understand the meaning and usage of each word. Practice using them in sentences. This helps in answering vocabulary-based questions and improving writing.

3. Key Facts and Figures: Create a timeline or a fact sheet for Dr. Kalam's life, noting his birth date, key career milestones (e.g., joining ISRO, launching Rohini, heading IGMDP, Pokhran-II, becoming President), and awards received with their years.

4. Character Analysis: Understand Dr. Kalam's qualities (dedication, humility, perseverance, vision) and the influence of people like his science teacher and sister. Be prepared to write short paragraphs describing his personality or contributions.

5. Comprehension Practice: Practice answering all types of comprehension questions – direct, inferential, and personal response. Ensure your answers are concise, accurate, and directly address the question.

6. Grammar Focus (Subject-Verb Agreement): Review the rules of subject-verb agreement, especially for collective nouns, uncountable nouns, and nouns that look plural but are singular (like 'news', 'mathematics'). This section is explicitly covered in the textbook.

7. Composition Writing: Practice writing short compositions or paragraphs based on biographical data. This helps in structuring information logically and expressing ideas clearly.

8. Acronyms and Abbreviations: Memorize the full forms of acronyms like HAL, DRDO, ISRO, SLV, IGMDP.

9. Review Exercises: Ensure you can confidently answer all questions from the 'Let's understand the text', 'Let's learn words', and 'Let's learn language' sections. These are direct reflections of what can be asked in exams.

10. Time Management: During the exam, allocate time wisely to each section. Start with questions you are most confident about.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid:

1. Inaccurate Dates/Names: Students often confuse dates (e.g., birth year, year of awards) or misspell names (e.g., Sivasubramania Iyer, Jainulabdeen). Double-check these details.

2. Incomplete Answers: For comprehension questions, provide full and complete answers, not just one-word responses, unless specifically asked.

3. Grammatical Errors: Mistakes in subject-verb agreement, tenses, and sentence structure can lead to loss of marks. Pay attention to grammar, especially in descriptive answers.

4. Misinterpreting Questions: Read each question carefully to understand what is being asked. For example, distinguishing between "when Kalam faced challenges" and "when Kalam felt happy."

5. Lack of Detail in Compositions: When writing compositions, ensure you include relevant facts and details from the text to make your writing informative and comprehensive.

6. Ignoring Glossary: Skipping the glossary means missing out on crucial vocabulary that might appear in questions or be needed for better expression.

7. Not Practicing Writing: English exams require good writing skills. Simply reading the chapter is not enough; practice writing answers and compositions.

8. Confusing Similar Events: For a biographical chapter, ensure you can differentiate between events that happened at ISRO vs. DRDO, or different awards and their years.

By following these tips and being mindful of common errors, students can achieve excellent scores in this chapter.

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(ନୋଟ୍ସ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି: ଉତ୍କଳ ସ୍କିଲ୍ ସେଣ୍ଟର - BSE Odisha 100% Full Textbook Master Edition)

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